Methods are disclosed for the purification of crude compositions comprising 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester (FDME) or other diester derivatives (e.g., dialkyl ester derivatives) of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), by crystallization. In this regard, certain solvents, and classes of solvents, have been discovered to promote the selective crystallization of FDME over impurities often generated in its production by FDCA esterification and other upstream processing steps. Importantly, certain impurities that are selectively removed include those that would otherwise be detrimental to the color and/or color stability of the purified composition. Other improvements in crystallization reside in the use of techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and pre-treatment of the crystallization solution by contact with a solid medium.

Methods are disclosed for the purification of crude compositions comprising 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester (FDME) or other diester derivatives (e.g., dialkyl ester derivatives) of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), by crystallization. In this regard, certain solvents, and classes of solvents, have been discovered to promote the selective crystallization of FDME over impurities often generated in its production by FDCA esterification and other upstream processing steps. Importantly, certain impurities that are selectively removed include those that would otherwise be detrimental to the color and/or color stability of the purified composition. Other improvements in crystallization reside in the use of techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and pre-treatment of the crystallization solution by contact with a solid medium.

Disclosed are methods for separating, recovering, and purifying cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) salts from an organic solvent solution comprising a mixture of cannabinoids. The methods comprise solubilizing the mixture of cannabinoids in C5-C7 hydrocarbon solvents, adding thereto a selected amine to thereby precipitate a CBDA-amine salt therefrom, dissolving the recovered CBDA-amine salt in a selected solvent and then adding thereto a selected antisolvent to thereby recrystallizing a purified CBDA-amine salt therefrom. The recrystallized CBDA-amine salt may be decarboxylated to form a mixture of cannabidiol (CBD) and amine. The CBD amine mixture may be acidified to separate the amine from CBD. The recovered CBD may be concentrated to produce a highly purified CBD. Also disclosed are CBDA-amine salts produced with certain amines selected from groups of secondary amines, tertiary amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino ethers, and highly basic amines.

Disclosed are methods for separating, recovering, and purifying cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) salts from an organic solvent solution comprising a mixture of cannabinoids. The methods comprise solubilizing the mixture of cannabinoids in C5-C7 hydrocarbon solvents, adding thereto a selected amine to thereby precipitate a CBDA-amine salt therefrom, dissolving the recovered CBDA-amine salt in a selected solvent and then adding thereto a selected antisolvent to thereby recrystallizing a purified CBDA-amine salt therefrom. The recrystallized CBDA-amine salt may be decarboxylated to form a mixture of cannabidiol (CBD) and amine. The CBD amine mixture may be acidified to separate the amine from CBD. The recovered CBD may be concentrated to produce a highly purified CBD. Also disclosed are CBDA-amine salts produced with certain amines selected from groups of secondary amines, tertiary amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino ethers, and highly basic amines.

The present invention relates to improving the ability of a hyphenated instrument to analyze a sample benefiting from having the first instrument's analysis of the same sample. A fast switching mechanism can be used as the interface between an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) and a mass spectrometer (MS) such that the obtained IMS spectrum is converted into a timing diagram that controls the vacuum inlet's size dynamically during analysis of a neutral and/or charged chemical and/or biological species such that a smaller pumping system can be used. In various operational modes of the IMS-MS device, mobility-separated ions are allowed to pass through an ion gate and the vacuum inlet for mass analysis.

The present invention relates to improving the ability of a hyphenated instrument to analyze a sample benefiting from having the first instrument's analysis of the same sample. A fast switching mechanism can be used as the interface between an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) and a mass spectrometer (MS) such that the obtained IMS spectrum is converted into a timing diagram that controls the vacuum inlet's size dynamically during analysis of a neutral and/or charged chemical and/or biological species such that a smaller pumping system can be used. In various operational modes of the IMS-MS device, mobility-separated ions are allowed to pass through an ion gate and the vacuum inlet for mass analysis.

Provided herein is a fractionator and related process for separating solubilized rubber from a co-solvent based miscella.

Provided herein is a fractionator and related process for separating solubilized rubber from a co-solvent based miscella.

A process is incorporated herein for the synthesis of bio-1,2-alkanediols, comprising: providing a bio-alkene having a carbon chain of about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms and a bio-1-alkene regioselectivity of at least about 80%, at least about 92% and/or at least about 95%; and converting the bio-alkene to a bio-1,2-alkanediol having a carbon chain length of about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms. Methods for treating catalysts which may be incorporated in the process for the synthesis of bio-1,2-alkanediols are also included herein. Such bio-1,2-alkanediols are used in compositions and products alone as antimicrobial materials, or with existing bio-compounds and/or antimicrobials, preservatives, alternative preservation systems and/or hurdle technology components. The bio-1,2-alkanediols incorporate a natural and bio-based pathway for antimicrobial effects in various compositions such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, industrial and household products.

Disclosed are methods for separating, recovering, and purifying cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) salts from an organic solvent solution comprising a mixture of cannabinoids. The methods comprise solubilizing the mixture of cannabinoids in C5-C7 hydrocarbon solvents, adding thereto a selected amine to thereby precipitate a CBDA-amine salt therefrom, dissolving the recovered CBDA-amine salt in a selected solvent and then adding thereto a selected antisolvent to thereby recrystallizing a purified CBDA-amine salt therefrom. The recrystallized CBDA-amine salt may be decarboxylated to form a mixture of cannabidiol (CBD) and amine. The CBD amine mixture may be acidified to separate the amine from CBD. The recovered CBD may be concentrated to produce a highly purified CBD. Also disclosed are CBDA-amine salts produced with certain amines selected from groups of secondary amines, tertiary amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino ethers, and highly basic amines.