Methods for utilizing carbon dioxide to produce multi-carbon products are disclosed. The systems and methods of the present disclosure involve: reducing CO.sub.2 to produce a first product mixture comprising an alcohol product mixture comprising one or more alcohols and a paraffin product mixture comprising one or more paraffins; dehydrating the alcohol product mixture to form an olefin product mixture comprising one or more olefins; oligomerizing the olefin product mixture to form a higher olefin product mixture comprising unsaturated paraffins and optionally aromatics; and reducing the higher olefin product mixture to form a higher hydrocarbon product mixture comprising unsaturated paraffins and optionally aromatics. Catalyst materials and reaction conditions for individual steps are disclosed to optimize yield for ethanol or jet fuel range hydrocarbons.

Methods for utilizing carbon dioxide to produce multi-carbon products are disclosed. The systems and methods of the present disclosure involve: reducing CO.sub.2 to produce a first product mixture comprising an alcohol product mixture comprising one or more alcohols and a paraffin product mixture comprising one or more paraffins; dehydrating the alcohol product mixture to form an olefin product mixture comprising one or more olefins; oligomerizing the olefin product mixture to form a higher olefin product mixture comprising unsaturated paraffins and optionally aromatics; and reducing the higher olefin product mixture to form a higher hydrocarbon product mixture comprising unsaturated paraffins and optionally aromatics. Catalyst materials and reaction conditions for individual steps are disclosed to optimize yield for ethanol or jet fuel range hydrocarbons.

A method is used for separating all or some of the compounds from a biogas in the liquid or the two-phase liquid/vapor state containing methane, CO.sub.2 and optionally hydrocarbon(s) from the C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 family. The methane is separated from the other compounds by cryogenic distillation by injecting, into a distillation column, the liquefied biogas at an equilibrium temperature that makes it possible to obtain a two-phase mixture, ensuring the separation of the different compounds, and a liquefying agent, in the liquid state, composed of a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbon(s) from the C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 family. The liquefying agent is injected at the top of the column, above the biogas inlet, at a temperature lower than or equal to the CO.sub.2 desublimation temperature at a given pressure of the column and in an amount proportional to the vapor flow rate of the CO.sub.2 ascending at the top of the column.

A method is used for separating all or some of the compounds from a biogas in the liquid or the two-phase liquid/vapor state containing methane, CO.sub.2 and optionally hydrocarbon(s) from the C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 family. The methane is separated from the other compounds by cryogenic distillation by injecting, into a distillation column, the liquefied biogas at an equilibrium temperature that makes it possible to obtain a two-phase mixture, ensuring the separation of the different compounds, and a liquefying agent, in the liquid state, composed of a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbon(s) from the C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 family. The liquefying agent is injected at the top of the column, above the biogas inlet, at a temperature lower than or equal to the CO.sub.2 desublimation temperature at a given pressure of the column and in an amount proportional to the vapor flow rate of the CO.sub.2 ascending at the top of the column.

Treatment of streams containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with alkyl carbonates, such as dimethylcarbonate, alone or together with at least one solvent results in reduction or removal of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) that is present to give easily removed alkyl sulfides and/or mercaptans. In one non-limiting embodiment, the treatment converts the original hydrogen sulfide into alkyl sulfides and/or mercaptans that can be extracted from the stream with caustic solutions, mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

Treatment of streams containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with alkyl carbonates, such as dimethylcarbonate, alone or together with at least one solvent results in reduction or removal of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) that is present to give easily removed alkyl sulfides and/or mercaptans. In one non-limiting embodiment, the treatment converts the original hydrogen sulfide into alkyl sulfides and/or mercaptans that can be extracted from the stream with caustic solutions, mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

A portable terminal includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to: set a function associated with a visitor to be executable, and determine whether or not execution of a function is permitted using information on a location of the portable terminal when an instruction to execute the function is received.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of novel crystalline germanosilicate compositions in affecting a range of organic transformations. In particular, the crystalline germanosilicate compositions are extra-large-pore compositions, designated CIT-13 possessing 10- and 14-membered rings.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of novel crystalline germanosilicate compositions in affecting a range of organic transformations. In particular, the crystalline germanosilicate compositions are extra-large-pore compositions, designated CIT-13 possessing 10- and 14-membered rings.

An adsorptive separation process and system are used for separation of multi-component fluid mixtures. The separation process and system may include establishing, in a fluid flow within the system, a concentration distribution of the fluid mixture components based upon the components' relative affinities to the adsorbent. The concentration distribution could be establishing using a simulated moving bed system, wherein it is possible to maintain separately-identifiable portions of the fluid flow, respectively rich in strongly-adsorbing, intermediately-adsorbing, and weakly-adsorbing compounds of the fluid mixture. An intermediate raffinate of high purity in the intermediately-adsorbing compound is directly withdrawn from the portion of the fluid flow rich in intermediately-adsorbing compound(s), providing a single-stage adsorptive separation of a compound having intermediate affinity to the adsorbent. The portion of the fluid flow rich in intermediately-adsorbing compound(s) may be established directly upstream from the point of fluid mixture feed injection into the fluid flow.