A process and system for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream containing hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a first reaction zone, contacting the feed stream and a hybrid catalyst in the first reaction zone, introducing a reaction zone product stream into a water removal zone that is downstream from the first reaction zone, and introducing a product stream from the water removal zone into a second reaction zone, resulting in a final stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons. The hybrid catalyst includes a methanol synthesis component and a microporous solid acid component; the microporous solid acid component is a molecular sieve having 8-MR access. The water removal zone removes at least a portion of water from the reaction zone product stream.

A process and system for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream containing hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a first reaction zone, contacting the feed stream and a hybrid catalyst in the first reaction zone, introducing a reaction zone product stream into a water removal zone that is downstream from the first reaction zone, and introducing a product stream from the water removal zone into a second reaction zone, resulting in a final stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons. The hybrid catalyst includes a methanol synthesis component and a microporous solid acid component; the microporous solid acid component is a molecular sieve having 8-MR access. The water removal zone removes at least a portion of water from the reaction zone product stream.

A process for recovering butadiene from a C.sub.4 fraction is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a mixed C.sub.4 stream comprising butane, butene, and butadiene, with a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water in a butadiene pre-absorber column to recover an overheads fraction comprising at least a portion of the butane, butene, and water, and a first bottoms fraction comprising the organic solvent, butadiene, and at least a portion of the butene; and feeding the first bottoms fraction to a butadiene extraction unit to recover a butene fraction, a crude butadiene fraction, and a solvent fraction.

A process for recovering butadiene from a C.sub.4 fraction is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a mixed C.sub.4 stream comprising butane, butene, and butadiene, with a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water in a butadiene pre-absorber column to recover an overheads fraction comprising at least a portion of the butane, butene, and water, and a first bottoms fraction comprising the organic solvent, butadiene, and at least a portion of the butene; and feeding the first bottoms fraction to a butadiene extraction unit to recover a butene fraction, a crude butadiene fraction, and a solvent fraction.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of carbon nanotube structures.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of carbon nanotube structures.

The present invention relates to a 1-octene composition. The 1-octene composition according to the present invention is prepared by ethylene oligomerization and comprises a high content of 1-octene and monomers useful for copolymerization of 1-octene at the same time.

Systems and methods are provided for performing steam cracking on a feed while using direct heating of the reaction environment. The heating of the reaction environment can be achieved in part by transporting heat transfer particles from a heating zone to cracking zone. This can be performed in a fluidized bed reactor, a moving bed reactor, a riser reactor, or another type of reactor that can allow for catalyst movement and regeneration during operation.

An improved process and apparatus for the selective reaction of terpenes (including mono-, sesqui-, di-terpenes, and others in the terpene family), alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and related olefins to their respective dimeric product in high purity using heterogeneous acid catalyst concurrent with full utilization of energy created in the process. Embodiments of the invention carry out a unique and highly efficient dimerization of terpenes, alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and olefins using cost effective catalysts and low cost equipment that are ideally suited for commercialization of jet/turbine and diesel biofuel processes producing fuels with high flashpoints and superb cold flow properties.

A fluidized bed reactor is provided, comprising an inlet zone at a lower position, an outlet zone at an upper position, and a reaction zone between the inlet zone and the outlet zone. A guide plate with through holes is disposed in the reaction zone, comprising a dense channel region in an intermediate region thereof and a sparse channel region disposed on a periphery thereof and encompassing the dense channel region. Catalysts in said fluidized bed reactor can be homogeneously distributed in the reaction zone thereof, whereby the reaction efficiency can be improved. A reaction regeneration apparatus comprising said fluidized bed reactor, and a process for preparing olefins from oxygenates and a process for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from oxygenates using the reaction regeneration apparatus.