A process and apparatus is disclosed for distributing a gas stream into a downwardly flowing catalyst stream in a vessel by feeding the gas stream into a center of the vessel or the catalyst stream into a hollow cap. The gas stream enters the cap and exits the cap flowing upwardly to contact the catalyst stream.

This disclosure relates to the conversion of methane to higher molecular weight (C.sub.5+) hydrocarbon, including aromatic hydrocarbon, to materials and equipment useful in such conversion, and to the use of such conversion for, e.g., natural gas upgrading.

This disclosure relates to the conversion of methane to higher molecular weight (C.sub.5+) hydrocarbon, including aromatic hydrocarbon, to materials and equipment useful in such conversion, and to the use of such conversion for, e.g., natural gas upgrading.

A membrane separator comprising a membrane is used to separate various streams in processes for separating aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aromatic hydrocarbons. Such streams can be a lean-solvent stream, a rich-solvent stream, or a hydrocarbon stream comprising both aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons. The membrane separator is advantageously used in combination with an extraction sub-system including a liquid-liquid distillation column and/or an extraction distillation column.

A membrane separator comprising a membrane is used to separate various streams in processes for separating aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aromatic hydrocarbons. Such streams can be a lean-solvent stream, a rich-solvent stream, or a hydrocarbon stream comprising both aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons. The membrane separator is advantageously used in combination with an extraction sub-system including a liquid-liquid distillation column and/or an extraction distillation column.

This present disclosure relates to processes for removing contaminants from hydrocarbon streams, e.g. removing chlorides, CO.sub.2, COS, H.sub.2S, AsH.sub.3, methanol, mercaptans and other S- or O-containing organic compounds from olefins, paraffins, aromatics, naphthenes and other hydrocarbon streams. The process involves contacting the stream with an adsorbent which comprises a zeolite, an alumina component and a metal component e.g. sodium, in an amount at least 30% of the zeolite's ion exchange capacity.

This present disclosure relates to processes for removing contaminants from hydrocarbon streams, e.g. removing chlorides, CO.sub.2, COS, H.sub.2S, AsH.sub.3, methanol, mercaptans and other S- or O-containing organic compounds from olefins, paraffins, aromatics, naphthenes and other hydrocarbon streams. The process involves contacting the stream with an adsorbent which comprises a zeolite, an alumina component and a metal component e.g. sodium, in an amount at least 30% of the zeolite's ion exchange capacity.

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.

Concentrates containing specific functionalized diblock copolymers serve as effective additives for improving the cold flow behavior of fuels and oils, the copolymers being derived from a terminally-unsaturated intermediate polymer obtained via a metallocene process involving hydrogen.