The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a deuterated ethanol from ethanol, D.sub.2O, a ruthenium catalyst, and a co-solvent.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a deuterated ethanol from ethanol, D.sub.2O, a ruthenium catalyst, and a co-solvent.

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of gas phase reactants including CO and H.sub.2 to C.sub.2+ products using multiple catalysts in a single reactor while reducing or minimizing deactivation of the catalysts. Separate catalysts can be used that correspond to a first catalyst, such as a catalyst for synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas, and a second catalyst, such as a catalyst for conversion of methanol to a desired C.sub.2+ product. The separate catalysts can be loaded into the reactor in distinct layers that are separated by spacer layers. The spacer layers can correspond to relatively inert particles, such as silica particles. Optionally, the spacer layer can include an adsorbent, such as boron supported on alumina or boron carbide particles. The adsorbent can be suitable for selective adsorption of the one or more reaction products (such as one or more reaction by-products), to allow for further reduction or minimization of the deactivation of the conversion catalysts.

An organic-base functionalized silicalite-1 molecular sieve-encapsulated metal nanoparticles catalyst and a preparation method therefor, as well as a method for preparing 1,2-pentanediol from biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol by hydrogenolysis using said catalyst. When the catalyst is used in a reaction preparing 1,2-pentanediol from furfuryl alcohol by hydrogenolysis, the catalyst has high hydrogenolysis activity under relatively mild reaction conditions, significantly increasing the conversion rate of furfuryl alcohol and 1,2-pentanediol selectivity in the reaction, while also not generating obvious byproducts furfuryl alcohol polymers; the catalyst has good stability and long life, and may be recovered for reuse after the reaction is complete by means of a simple filtration, greatly reducing reaction costs and separation difficulty.

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene glycol including the steps of:

(i) reacting, in a reactor, at a temperature in the range from equal to or more than 170 C. to equal to or less than 270 C., at least a portion of a carbohydrate source in the presence of hydrogen, a solvent, a homogeneous catalyst, which homogeneous catalyst contains tungsten, and a heterogeneous catalyst, which heterogeneous catalyst contains one or more transition metals from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, yielding ethylene glycol and a spent heterogeneous catalyst;

(ii) regenerating the spent heterogeneous catalyst by removing at least a portion of deposited tungsten species from the spent heterogeneous catalyst, yielding a regenerated heterogeneous catalyst; and

(iii) using at least a portion of the regenerated heterogeneous catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of step (i).

The invention further relates to a regenerated heterogeneous catalyst composition obtainable therein.

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene glycol including the steps of:

(i) reacting, in a reactor, at a temperature in the range from equal to or more than 170 C. to equal to or less than 270 C., at least a portion of a carbohydrate source in the presence of hydrogen, a solvent, a homogeneous catalyst, which homogeneous catalyst contains tungsten, and a heterogeneous catalyst, which heterogeneous catalyst contains one or more transition metals from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, yielding ethylene glycol and a spent heterogeneous catalyst;

(ii) regenerating the spent heterogeneous catalyst by removing at least a portion of deposited tungsten species from the spent heterogeneous catalyst, yielding a regenerated heterogeneous catalyst; and

(iii) using at least a portion of the regenerated heterogeneous catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of step (i).

The invention further relates to a regenerated heterogeneous catalyst composition obtainable therein.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound on a solid carrier which is a surface-reacted calcium carbonate. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing said catalyst system and to its use in heterogeneous catalysis.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound on a solid carrier which is a surface-reacted calcium carbonate. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing said catalyst system and to its use in heterogeneous catalysis.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound on a solid carrier which is a surface-reacted calcium carbonate. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing said catalyst system and to its use in heterogeneous catalysis.

The invention describes a process for making astacene of formula 1, the exocyclic double bonds thereof having either an E configuration or an E- and/or Z-configuration, wherein astaxanthin of the general formula 2 having asymmetric centers 3 and 3, each of which respectively having an (S)- or (R)-conformation and the exocyclic double bonds of said astaxanthin 2 having either an E- or E- and/or Z configuration, is oxidized in the presence of at least one tertiary alcoholate.