Disclosed herein are processes for preparing certain intermediates useful in the synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-2a-hydroxy-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]inden-7-yl)oxy)benzonitrile or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Disclosed herein are processes for preparing certain intermediates useful in the synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-2a-hydroxy-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]inden-7-yl)oxy)benzonitrile or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of a key intermediate in the synthesis of indacaterol. Subject-matter of the invention are also new synthesis intermediates. Formula (I):

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Subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of a key intermediate in the synthesis of indacaterol. Subject-matter of the invention are also new synthesis intermediates. Formula (I):

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The current process relates to the treatment of a primary sludge that is produced from waste water treatment facilities such as a pulp mill or a pulp and paper mills. It further relates to a process of using the primary sludge in the production of cellulosic ethanol. It further relates to the use of the treated primary sludge in the manufacture of recycled linerboard.

The current process relates to the treatment of a primary sludge that is produced from waste water treatment facilities such as a pulp mill or a pulp and paper mills. It further relates to a process of using the primary sludge in the production of cellulosic ethanol. It further relates to the use of the treated primary sludge in the manufacture of recycled linerboard.

Continuous processes for making ethylene glycol form aldohexose-yielding carbohydrates are disclosed which enhance the selectivity to ethylene glycol.

Provided is a method for preparing a diol. In the method, a saccharide and hydrogen as raw materials are contacted with a catalyst in water to prepare the diol. The employed catalyst is a composite catalyst comprised of a main catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the main catalyst is a water-insoluble acid-resistant alloy; and the cocatalyst is a soluble tungstate and/or soluble tungsten compound. The method uses an acid-resistant, inexpensive and stable alloy needless of a support as a main catalyst, and can guarantee a high yield of the diol in the case where the production cost is relatively low.

Provided is a method for preparing a diol. In the method, a saccharide and hydrogen as raw materials are contacted with a catalyst in water to prepare the diol. The employed catalyst is a composite catalyst comprised of a main catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the main catalyst is a water-insoluble acid-resistant alloy; and the cocatalyst is a soluble tungstate and/or soluble tungsten compound. The method uses an acid-resistant, inexpensive and stable alloy needless of a support as a main catalyst, and can guarantee a high yield of the diol in the case where the production cost is relatively low.

A highly efficient method for the conversion of a natural product into the high density fuel RJ-4 with concomitant evolution of isobutylene for conversion to fuels and polymers, more specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to efficient methods for the conversion of the renewable, linear terpene alcohol, linalool into a drop-in, high density fuel suitable for ramjet or missile propulsion.