The present disclosure relates to the preparation of a highly pure cannabidiol compound by a novel synthesis route. The cannabidiol compound can be prepared by an acid-catalyzed reaction of a di-halo olivetol with menthadienol, followed by two crystallization steps. The highly pure cannabidiol compound is produced in high yield, stereospecificity, or both, and shows exceedingly low levels of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol at the time of preparation and after storage.

A method of making CBD concentrate or CBD Isolate comprises (a) milling a raw material; (b) contacting the milled raw material with an extraction solvent and separating a solid waste material to form a filtered extract; (c) concentrating the filtered extract; (d) washing the concentrated extract to form an organic phase and an aqueous phase; (e) separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase to form a washed extract; (f) removing an organic solvent from the washed extract to form a concentrated washed extract; (g) decarboxylating the concentrated washed extract; (h) vacuum distilling the decarboxylated extract to form a distillate; (i) dewaxing the distillate to form a post-dewax filtrate; (j) applying a vacuum to the post-dewax filtrate to form a post-dewax concentrate; (k) degassing the post-dewax concentrate; and (l) vacuum distilling the degassed concentrate to form a CBD concentrate.

Disclosed are a spiro-bisphosphorous compound, and a preparation and application thereof. The spiro-bisphosphorous compound is expressed in formula (I), (II) or (III).

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Chromatography systems and methods for using carbon dioxide to separate one or more cannabis-derived compounds from other components of a mixture are generally described. Some of the methods described herein comprise transporting a mixture comprising a first cannabis-derived compound and one or more other components through a chromatography column containing a stationary phase comprising a packing material. In some embodiments, the mixture is transported through the column within a mobile phase that comprises carbon dioxide (e.g., supercritical CO.sub.2, liquid CO.sub.2). The mobile phase may be substantially free of a co-solvent that is in liquid phase at standard room temperature and pressure. In some embodiments, the mobile phase is free of any co-solvent and comprises 100 vol % carbon dioxide. The first cannabis-derived compound may interact with the stationary phase and/or the mobile phase to a different degree than the one or more other components of the mixture, causing at least partial separation of the first cannabis-derived compound from the one or more other components within the column. Due to this separation, at least one fraction of the mobile phase that comprises the first cannabis-derived compound and is substantially free of the one or more other components of the mixture may be collected.

A terminally-functionalized derivative of a cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) compound, a method to form a polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer derived from the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative. The terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative has two, three, four, or five reactive functional groups. The polymer is prepared by obtaining CNSL compounds, reacting the CNSL compounds to form the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative, and polymerizing the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative.

A terminally-functionalized derivative of a cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) compound, a method to form a polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer derived from the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative. The terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative has two, three, four, or five reactive functional groups. The polymer is prepared by obtaining CNSL compounds, reacting the CNSL compounds to form the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative, and polymerizing the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative.

A terminally-functionalized derivative of a cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) compound, a method to form a polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer derived from the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative. The terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative has two, three, four, or five reactive functional groups. The polymer is prepared by obtaining CNSL compounds, reacting the CNSL compounds to form the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative, and polymerizing the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative.

The present invention relates to isomerizing hydroformylation of plant oils to feedstock chemicals and monomers. More particularly, the present invention relates to compound of formula (I) and process for preparation thereof using isomerizing functionalization of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). ##STR00001##

The separation of essential oils from a botanical biomass can be accomplished in a more effective way and with higher yields using microwaves to extract essential oils by dry or azeotropic distillation and isolating products from the essential oils.

Catalyst regeneration processes that include measures for controlling emissions generated during the regeneration are described. The present invention further relates to catalytic processes for producing various chlorinated aromatic compounds that include provisions for controlling emissions during catalyst regeneration.