A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein P is evenly distributed across the catalyst.

Disclosed is a method for making aromatic enol ethers that have utility as film-hardening additives for coating formulations. The aromatic enol ethers have particular utility as film-hardening additives for water-based coating formulations. The aromatic enol ethers provide improvements in hardness and hardness related properties such as block resistance without contributing to the volatile organic content of the composition.

A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, including: providing terephthaloyl chloride, diphenyl ether, a solvent and a Lewis acid, wherein the terephthaloyl chloride is of a purity grade such that, 10 minutes after introducing it at a reference concentration of 6.5 wt. % into said solvent, at a temperature of 20 C., a solution is obtained having a turbidity of less than 500 NTU; mixing the terephthaloyl chloride, the diphenyl ether and the solvent so as to make a reactant mixture; adding the Lewis acid to the reactant mixture so as to effect the reaction of the terephthaloyl chloride with the diphenyl ether; recovering a product mixture comprising a 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex.

A bifunctional catalyst for example for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAl.sub.2O.sub.4.

A complex of formula (I) wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from R.sub.2C, R.sub.2CCR.sub.2, R.sub.2Si, R.sub.2SiSiR.sub.2, R.sub.2Ge, wherein each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, OC.sub.1-hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 are independently CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

##STR00001##

A complex of formula (I) wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from R.sub.2C, R.sub.2CCR.sub.2, R.sub.2Si, R.sub.2SiSiR.sub.2, R.sub.2Ge, wherein each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, OC.sub.1-hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 are independently CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

##STR00001##

The present invention discloses compositions that comprise compounds relating to vitamin D. These compounds are useful for assays in the determination and distinguishing of certain 3-epimeric 25 hydroxyvitamin D and non-epimeric 25 hydroxyvitamin D. The compositions of the present invention may be used for example as immunogens used to develop antibodies to certain vitamin D compounds or conjugates used in assays for certain vitamin D compounds or used as a solid phase reagent in assays. The composition comprises a compound of one or more of the generic formula (R.sup.1).sub.p-(L).sub.q-Z.

A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene), including: reacting terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether in a reaction solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain a product mixture including a 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene)-Lewis acid complex; contacting the product mixture with a protic solvent, so as to obtain a first phase containing the Lewis acid and a second phase containing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene); subjecting at least the second phase to a solid/liquid separation step by centrifugal filtration, so as to recover solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene).

A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein P is evenly distributed across the catalyst.

A method of making spirogalbanone includes the steps of: (a) subjecting ethynylspirodecanol to a Rupe rearrangement to give a compound of the formula I ##STR00001## (b) converting the compound of (a) to a C1-C4 alkyl acetal; (c) subjecting the acetal to a trans-acetalization reaction with allyl alcohol in the presence of a mild acid catalyst; (d) heating the product of (c) in the presence of an acid catalyst to give an allylenolether; and (e) subjecting the product of (d) to a Claisen rearrangement to give spirogalbanone. The method affords an easier and more efficient method of preparation.