A process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene in an acetic acid solvent in the presence of a ligand having the following structure: ##STR00001##
In contrast to reaction solvents such as formic acid or 3,5,5 hexanoic acid the conversion rates were improved and greater than 90% at a reaction temperature of 120 C. and CO pressure of 40 bar.

A medical lubricant may comprise a base oil. The medical lubricant can be used on a surgical device.

A medical lubricant may comprise a base oil. The medical lubricant can be used on a surgical device.

A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, and a ligand bonded to a surface of the quantum dot, wherein the ligand includes a head portion bonded to the surface of the quantum dot and containing a polar solvent dissociative functional group, and a tail portion connected to the head portion. A quantum dot composition according to an embodiment is used to form an emission layer of a light emitting element to enhance luminous efficiency of the light emitting element including an emission layer formed through the quantum dot composition.

A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, and a ligand bonded to a surface of the quantum dot, wherein the ligand includes a head portion bonded to the surface of the quantum dot and containing a polar solvent dissociative functional group, and a tail portion connected to the head portion. A quantum dot composition according to an embodiment is used to form an emission layer of a light emitting element to enhance luminous efficiency of the light emitting element including an emission layer formed through the quantum dot composition.

Process for the production of a diacyl peroxide involving the reaction of an anhydride with an aldehyde and oxygen, removal of the formed carboxylic acid, production of an anhydride from said carboxylic acid, and recycling of the anhydride within the process.

Process for the production of a diacyl peroxide involving the reaction of an anhydride with an aldehyde and oxygen, removal of the formed carboxylic acid, production of an anhydride from said carboxylic acid, and recycling of the anhydride within the process.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing n-butyric acid by using poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. The method comprises following steps: placing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in a closure means, passing hydrogen into the closure means to eliminate air after making an initial hydrogen pressure be 2 to 6 MPa, carrying out an agitation at 190 to 240 C. for reaction for 6 to 36 hours to obtain n-butyric acid. The preparation method provided by the present invention does not require a catalyst or a reaction solvent, and converts poly-3-hydroxybutyrate into n-butyric acid by a one-step reaction under a hydrogen atmosphere. The conversion rate of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate is 100%, the yield of n-butyric acid reaches up to 97%, the purity of n-butyric acid in all obtained liquid products reaches up to 98%, and no additional subsequent separation process is needed to the target product n-butyric acid.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel additive for surface activation and an emulsion composition using same, in which an excellent emulsion stability is obtained. The present invention also addresses the problem of improving the usage feel in a cosmetic and the lubrication performance in a lubricant. This additive for surface activation is one in which the following components (A) and (B) are compounded. (A) An amine or ammonium compound having a hydroxyaliphatic hydrocarbon group that contains one or more hydroxy groups and optionally contains an oxygen atom unassociated with the hydroxy groups; and (B) an unsaturated or branched aliphatic acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. In addition, this emulsion composition is one in which the above additive has been added.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel additive for surface activation and an emulsion composition using same, in which an excellent emulsion stability is obtained. The present invention also addresses the problem of improving the usage feel in a cosmetic and the lubrication performance in a lubricant. This additive for surface activation is one in which the following components (A) and (B) are compounded. (A) An amine or ammonium compound having a hydroxyaliphatic hydrocarbon group that contains one or more hydroxy groups and optionally contains an oxygen atom unassociated with the hydroxy groups; and (B) an unsaturated or branched aliphatic acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. In addition, this emulsion composition is one in which the above additive has been added.