A method for the manufacture of perfluorinated compounds is herein disclosed. In particular, the method is useful for the manufacture of perfluorooxyalkyl carboxylic acid salts which can be used as surfactants. The method envisages the fluorination or a fluoroformate of an alcohol comprising a CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2-moiety at a temperature equal to or higher than 20 C. and allows obtaining high yields and selectivity.

A method for the manufacture of perfluorinated compounds is herein disclosed. In particular, the method is useful for the manufacture of perfluorooxyalkyl carboxylic acid salts which can be used as surfactants. The method envisages the fluorination or a fluoroformate of an alcohol comprising a CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2-moiety at a temperature equal to or higher than 20 C. and allows obtaining high yields and selectivity.

A method for the manufacture of perfluorinated compounds is herein disclosed. In particular, the method is useful for the manufacture of perfluorooxyalkyl carboxylic acid salts which can be used as surfactants. The method envisages the fluorination or a fluoroformate of an alcohol comprising a CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2-moiety at a temperature equal to or higher than 20 C. and allows obtaining high yields and selectivity.

The present application addresses the problem of providing a method for efficiently producing a dialkyl carbonate. The problem can be solved by a method for producing a dialkyl carbonate by reacting urea and at least one alkyl carbamate with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, the method including introducing a gas for expelling ammonia generated by the reaction into a reactor in which the reaction is being conducted and discharging the ammonia generated in the reactor and the introduced gas, the reaction being conducted so that the gas introduction satisfies relationship (1).

52.0<((A+B)22400+LM/17.0322400)/L<91.0(1)

(In formula (1), A, B, L, and M are as defined above.)

The present application addresses the problem of providing a method for efficiently producing a dialkyl carbonate. The problem can be solved by a method for producing a dialkyl carbonate by reacting urea and at least one alkyl carbamate with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, the method including introducing a gas for expelling ammonia generated by the reaction into a reactor in which the reaction is being conducted and discharging the ammonia generated in the reactor and the introduced gas, the reaction being conducted so that the gas introduction satisfies relationship (1).

52.0<((A+B)22400+LM/17.0322400)/L<91.0(1)

(In formula (1), A, B, L, and M are as defined above.)

The present application addresses the problem of providing a method for efficiently producing a dialkyl carbonate. The problem can be solved by a method for producing a dialkyl carbonate by reacting urea and at least one alkyl carbamate with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, the method including introducing a gas for expelling ammonia generated by the reaction into a reactor in which the reaction is being conducted and discharging the ammonia generated in the reactor and the introduced gas, the reaction being conducted so that the gas introduction satisfies relationship (1).

52.0<((A+B)22400+LM/17.0322400)/L<91.0(1)

(In formula (1), A, B, L, and M are as defined above.)

A diaryl carbonate containing a compound of the following formula (I) in an amount of less than 1,000 ppm by mass, and a method for producing the same:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group.

A diaryl carbonate containing a compound of the following formula (I) in an amount of less than 1,000 ppm by mass, and a method for producing the same:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative in a safe and efficient manner. The method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative according to the present invention is characterized in comprising irradiating light on a composition containing a C.sub.1-4 halogenated hydrocarbon having one or more kinds of halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, a fluorine-containing compound having a nucleophilic functional group and a base in the presence of oxygen.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative in a safe and efficient manner. The method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative according to the present invention is characterized in comprising irradiating light on a composition containing a C.sub.1-4 halogenated hydrocarbon having one or more kinds of halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, a fluorine-containing compound having a nucleophilic functional group and a base in the presence of oxygen.