The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium complexes of formulae A1-A4 and their use, inter alia, for (1) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (2) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (3) preparing amides from alcohols and amines(including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or polymerization of amino alcohols and/or forming cyclic dipeptides from p-aminoalcohols; (4) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (5) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (6) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (8) acylation of alcohols using esters; (9) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (10) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a base. The present, invention further relates to the use of certain known Ruthenium complexes for the preparation of amino acids or their salts from amino alcohols.

The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium complexes of formulae A1-A4 and their use, inter alia, for (1) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (2) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (3) preparing amides from alcohols and amines(including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or polymerization of amino alcohols and/or forming cyclic dipeptides from p-aminoalcohols; (4) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (5) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (6) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (8) acylation of alcohols using esters; (9) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (10) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a base. The present, invention further relates to the use of certain known Ruthenium complexes for the preparation of amino acids or their salts from amino alcohols.

The present invention concerns the synthesis of the salts of a Triazolium N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyst in various salt forms prepared from 2-methylaniline, 2-methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride or 2-methylphenylhydrazine. The molecules so prepared are useful in catalysis of carbene reactions and are advantageous due to their lack of chlorinated or fluorinated intermediates and lack of chlorine or fluorine in the final structure.

The present invention concerns the synthesis of the salts of a Triazolium N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyst in various salt forms prepared from 2-methylaniline, 2-methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride or 2-methylphenylhydrazine. The molecules so prepared are useful in catalysis of carbene reactions and are advantageous due to their lack of chlorinated or fluorinated intermediates and lack of chlorine or fluorine in the final structure.

The present invention provides a polyimide compound represented by formula (I): wherein Ar.sup.1 is a phenylene group substituted with one or more substituents, or an indolylene group optionally substituted with one or more substituents, Ar.sup.2 is a phenylene group substituted with one or more substituents, or an indolylene group optionally substituted with one or more substituents, the substituent is a group selected from a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, and a halogen atom, A.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.4-16 perfluoroalkylene group, A.sup.2 is an aliphatic or aromatic bisimide-N,N-diyl, and n1 is any integer.

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Methods of making triamine solids are disclosed. Solids including free-flowing powders, to pressed, cast, extruded or other solids are disclosed. Compositions employing the solid triamines are provided and methods of use thereof are particularly suitable for cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, rinsing and/or lubricating are disclosed.

Methods of making triamine solids are disclosed. Solids including free-flowing powders, to pressed, cast, extruded or other solids are disclosed. Compositions employing the solid triamines are provided and methods of use thereof are particularly suitable for cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, rinsing and/or lubricating are disclosed.

Methods of making triamine solids are disclosed. Solids including free-flowing powders, to pressed, cast, extruded or other solids are disclosed. Compositions employing the solid triamines are provided and methods of use thereof are particularly suitable for cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, rinsing and/or lubricating are disclosed.

The invention relates to a crystalline diethylamine tetrathiomolybdate salt (DEA-TTM). The invention also relates to methods for producing the crystalline DEA-TTM salt of the invention. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline DEA-TTM salt of the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the crystalline DEA-TTM salt of the invention in the treatment of the human or animal body, in particular its use in treatment of a condition requiring reduced metabolism of an organ or the whole body of a patient, by administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline DEA-TTM salt.

The invention relates to a crystalline diethylamine tetrathiomolybdate salt (DEA-TTM). The invention also relates to methods for producing the crystalline DEA-TTM salt of the invention. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline DEA-TTM salt of the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the crystalline DEA-TTM salt of the invention in the treatment of the human or animal body, in particular its use in treatment of a condition requiring reduced metabolism of an organ or the whole body of a patient, by administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline DEA-TTM salt.