An object is to provide a semiconductor material and coating having high solubility in solvents and having advantageous filling property, high heat resistance, and/or high etching resistance. Another object is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor using the semiconductor material. Still another object is to provide a novel compound. Provided are: a semiconductor material consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative; methods for manufacturing a coating and a semiconductor using the semiconductor material; and a compound consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative.

The present invention provides a polyimide compound represented by formula (I): wherein Ar.sup.1 is a phenylene group substituted with one or more substituents, or an indolylene group optionally substituted with one or more substituents, Ar.sup.2 is a phenylene group substituted with one or more substituents, or an indolylene group optionally substituted with one or more substituents, the substituent is a group selected from a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, and a halogen atom, A.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.4-16 perfluoroalkylene group, A.sup.2 is an aliphatic or aromatic bisimide-N,N-diyl, and n1 is any integer.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) which are suitable for use in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, and to electronic devices, which comprise these compounds.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to a method of preventing or treating a blood disorder (e.g., sickle-cell disease) via administering an EHMT2 inhibitor compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutical composition thereof to subjects in need thereof. The present disclosure also relates to the use of such compounds for research or other non-therapeutic purposes.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0?10.sup.7 ?/sq. or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula I: and salts thereof. Also disclosed are compositions comprising compounds of formula I and methods using compounds of formula I.

##STR00001##

An electrochemical cell includes a high voltage cathode configured to operate at 1.5 volts or greater, an anode including Mg.sup.0, and an electrolyte including an at least one organic solvent, at least one magnesium salt, and at least one additive agent including a Lewis base, wherein the electrolyte is halogen-free.

An electrochemical cell includes a high voltage cathode configured to operate at 1.5 volts or greater, an anode including Mg.sup.0, and an electrolyte including an at least one organic solvent, at least one magnesium salt, and at least one additive agent including a Lewis base, wherein the electrolyte is halogen-free.

A forward osmosis apparatus is improved. A forward osmosis apparatus, comprising a diluting means for bringing a feed solution and a draw solution comprising a cation source and an anion source in an ionized state into contact through a semi-permeable membrane and diluting the draw solution with water separated from the feed solution by means of the semi-permeable membrane; a separating means for separating the draw solution that has been diluted by the diluting means into the cation source and anion source and into water; and a dissolving means, returning the cation source and the anion source that have been separated by the separating means to, and dissolving the cation source and anion source in, the draw solution that has been diluted; wherein the molecular weight of the cation source in an uncharged state is 31 or greater and the Henry's law constant of each of the anion source and cation source is 1.0?10.sup.4 (Pa/mol.Math.fraction) or greater in a standard state.

A forward osmosis apparatus is improved. A forward osmosis apparatus, comprising a diluting means for bringing a feed solution and a draw solution comprising a cation source and an anion source in an ionized state into contact through a semi-permeable membrane and diluting the draw solution with water separated from the feed solution by means of the semi-permeable membrane; a separating means for separating the draw solution that has been diluted by the diluting means into the cation source and anion source and into water; and a dissolving means, returning the cation source and the anion source that have been separated by the separating means to, and dissolving the cation source and anion source in, the draw solution that has been diluted; wherein the molecular weight of the cation source in an uncharged state is 31 or greater and the Henry's law constant of each of the anion source and cation source is 1.0?10.sup.4 (Pa/mol.Math.fraction) or greater in a standard state.