The present invention relates to a new structural class of phenalkamines, curing agent compositions comprising the phenalkamines, their use, as well as and methods of producing such phenalkamines and compositions. The phenalkamines of the present invention can be prepared by reacting cardanol with an aldehyde compound and triaminononane. These curing-agent compositions may be used to cure, harden, and/or crosslink an epoxy resin. The curing-agent compositions of this invention are of low viscosity and can be used neat or dissolved in a minimum amount of an organic solvent or diluent to effect cure of epoxy resins.

N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, and drilling fluids containing N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine includes Formula (I): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a C or CH group; R.sup.3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are covalently connected to form a cyclic hydrocarbyl; and R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls or acyclic heterohydrocarbyls.

N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, and drilling fluids containing N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine includes Formula (I): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a C or CH group; R.sup.3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are covalently connected to form a cyclic hydrocarbyl; and R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls or acyclic heterohydrocarbyls.

The invention relates to a hydrogel product comprising glycosaminoglycan molecules as the swellable polymer, wherein the glycosaminoglycan molecules are covalently crosslinked via crosslinks comprising a spacer group selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides.

The invention relates to a hydrogel product comprising glycosaminoglycan molecules as the swellable polymer, wherein the glycosaminoglycan molecules are covalently crosslinked via crosslinks comprising a spacer group selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

Disclosed are compounds represented by structural formula

##STR00001## methods of producing compounds represented by structural formula, and their use in inhibiting oxidation in an oxidizable material.

Disclosed are compounds represented by structural formula

##STR00001## methods of producing compounds represented by structural formula, and their use in inhibiting oxidation in an oxidizable material.