A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

The present invention provides a process for preparation of isoproterenol hydrochloride (1a) comprising catalytic hydrogenation of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)-acetophenone hydrochloride (5a) in presence of an ion exchange resin, to provide isoproterenol hydrochloride (1a).

The present invention provides a process for preparation of isoproterenol hydrochloride (1a) comprising catalytic hydrogenation of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)-acetophenone hydrochloride (5a) in presence of an ion exchange resin, to provide isoproterenol hydrochloride (1a).

Methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the method includes reacting a polyamine comprising Formula (XXIV):

##STR00001##

with a cyclic oxide to produce the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a C or CH group; R.sup.3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or are covalently connected to form an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl.

Methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the method includes reacting a polyamine comprising Formula (XXIV):

##STR00001##

with a cyclic oxide to produce the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a C or CH group; R.sup.3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or are covalently connected to form an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesis of a compound according to Formula (A): wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R.sub.2 is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; starting from a di-keto compound according to Formula (B) wherein R.sub.3 is as shown above, which compound is converted into a ketoenamine compound according to Formula (C) wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as shown above, which ketoenamine compound is then reduced to an amino alcohol according to Formula (D), wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as shown above, that is subsequently converted into a compound according to Formula (A): characterized in that the ketoenamine is reduced into an amino alcohol using a nickel aluminium alloy in an aqueous solution of an inorganic base.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for synthesis of a compound according to Formula (A): wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R.sub.2 is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; starting from a di-keto compound according to Formula (B) wherein R.sub.3 is as shown above, which compound is converted into a ketoenamine compound according to Formula (C) wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as shown above, which ketoenamine compound is then reduced to an amino alcohol according to Formula (D), wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as shown above, that is subsequently converted into a compound according to Formula (A): characterized in that the ketoenamine is reduced into an amino alcohol using a nickel aluminium alloy in an aqueous solution of an inorganic base.

##STR00001##

A process of preparation of O-Desmethyl tramadol through potassium hydroxide mediated demethylation of Tramadol under phase transfer conditions.

A process of preparation of O-Desmethyl tramadol through potassium hydroxide mediated demethylation of Tramadol under phase transfer conditions.