A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.

A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.

A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amino alcohol derivatives or salts thereof. In particular the present invention relates to process for the preparation of amino alcohol derivatives or salts thereof which may be used as intermediates in the preparation of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, more preferably Carbovir and Abacavir.

The present invention more specifically relates to a process for the preparation of (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol of Formula IIIa.

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The present invention also specifically relates to process for the preparation of Abacavir sulfate of Formula II using compound of Formula IIIa prepared according to the process of the present invention.

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The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amino alcohol derivatives or salts thereof. In particular the present invention relates to process for the preparation of amino alcohol derivatives or salts thereof which may be used as intermediates in the preparation of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, more preferably Carbovir and Abacavir.

The present invention more specifically relates to a process for the preparation of (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol of Formula IIIa.

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The present invention also specifically relates to process for the preparation of Abacavir sulfate of Formula II using compound of Formula IIIa prepared according to the process of the present invention.

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The present invention provides process for preparation of Fingolimod hydrochloride (I). ##STR00001## Fingolimod hydrochloride (I) as Form-β obtained by the process of present invention may be useful as active pharmaceutical ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of autoimmune related disorder including multiple sclerosis.

The present invention provides process for preparation of Fingolimod hydrochloride (I). ##STR00001## Fingolimod hydrochloride (I) as Form-β obtained by the process of present invention may be useful as active pharmaceutical ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of autoimmune related disorder including multiple sclerosis.

The present invention provides process for preparation of Fingolimod hydrochloride (I). ##STR00001## Fingolimod hydrochloride (I) as Form-β obtained by the process of present invention may be useful as active pharmaceutical ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of autoimmune related disorder including multiple sclerosis.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.