A method for producing a dipeptide that has a protected N-terminal and is represented by formula (1) or a salt of the dipeptide, said method comprising condensing an -monosubstituted amino acid that has a protected N-terminal and is represented by formula (2) or glycine or a salt thereof with a disubstituted amino acid that is represented by formula (3) or a salt thereof in the presence of a condensing agent [in each of the formulae, substituents are as defined in the description or the like]. ##STR00001##

Processes for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof in a liquid phase reaction medium, wherein the reaction medium comprises a finite amount of water, a homogeneous catalyst, an alkyl halide promoter, and a catalyst stabilizer/co-promoter comprising an imidazolium cation R.sub.1R.sub.2Im+ as an iodide salt, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not the same.

The disclosure relates polyoxometalate complexes and uses in the management, treatment, or prevention of cancer. In certain embodiments, the polyoxometalate complexes comprise polydentate oxygen bridging ligands such as those of the following formula: [POM{(OCH.sub.2).sub.3CX}.sub.2], [M.sub.6O.sub.13{(OCH.sub.2).sub.3CX}.sub.2], [V.sub.6O.sub.13{(OCH.sub.2).sub.3CX}.sub.2], salts, or derivatives thereof wherein POM is a polyoxometalate, M is a metal, and X is defined herein. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising polyoxometalate complexes disclosed herein.

The disclosure relates polyoxometalate complexes and uses in the management, treatment, or prevention of cancer. In certain embodiments, the polyoxometalate complexes comprise polydentate oxygen bridging ligands such as those of the following formula: [POM{(OCH.sub.2).sub.3CX}.sub.2], [M.sub.6O.sub.13{(OCH.sub.2).sub.3CX}.sub.2], [V.sub.6O.sub.13{(OCH.sub.2).sub.3CX}.sub.2], salts, or derivatives thereof wherein POM is a polyoxometalate, M is a metal, and X is defined herein. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising polyoxometalate complexes disclosed herein.

Described herein is the DP.sub.2 antagonist [2-(3-benzyl-1-ethyl-ureidomethyl)-6-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-acetic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also described are methods of preparing the DP2 antagonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to a mammal that include the DP.sub.2 antagonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using such pharmaceutical compositions for treating respiratory diseases or conditions, allergic diseases or conditions, inflammatory diseases or conditions, as well as other prostaglandin D.sub.2-dependent or prostaglandin D.sub.2-mediated diseases or conditions.

Disclosed herein are novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and related methods of their use. The compounds described herein are useful, e.g., as liposomal delivery vehicles to facilitate the delivery of encapsulated polynucleotides to target cells and subsequent transfection of said target cells, and in certain embodiments are characterized as having one or more properties that afford such compounds advantages relative to other similarly classified lipids.