The inventive concepts disclosed and/or claimed herein relate generally to catalysts and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a heterogeneous, metal-free hydrogenation catalyst containing frustrated Lewis pairs. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous, metal-free catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having frustrated Lewis pairs therein.

The inventive concepts disclosed and/or claimed herein relate generally to catalysts and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a heterogeneous, metal-free hydrogenation catalyst containing frustrated Lewis pairs. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous, metal-free catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having frustrated Lewis pairs therein.

A method for N-formylating an amine that includes reacting the amine and a formamide compound in the presence of a phosphonic anhydride to form an N-formylated amine. The phosphonic anhydride is present in an amount of 5-100 mol % relative to a total number of moles of the amine, and the reacting is performed for 1-24 hours at a temperature of 45-100 C.

A method for N-formylating an amine that includes reacting the amine and a formamide compound in the presence of a phosphonic anhydride to form an N-formylated amine. The phosphonic anhydride is present in an amount of 5-100 mol % relative to a total number of moles of the amine, and the reacting is performed for 1-24 hours at a temperature of 45-100 C.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compounds for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis employing the use of small molecules with lipophilic groups. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the compounds described herein are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compounds for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis employing the use of small molecules with lipophilic groups. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the compounds described herein are also provided.

A method for forming a graphene quantum dot product includes adding an organic starting material to a vessel and heating the organic starting material to a temperature within 20 C. of the organic starting material's boiling temperature for a time no longer than ten minutes to form graphene quantum dots. A method for sensing a graphene quantum dot includes forming a graphene quantum dot, exciting the graphene quantum dot with light having a first wavelength, measuring light emitted by the excited graphene quantum dot at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. A graphene quantum dot includes carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms where the nitrogen atoms are present within the graphene quantum dot at a level between 6.0% and 11.0% of a level of carbon atoms present in the graphene quantum dot.

A method for forming a graphene quantum dot product includes adding an organic starting material to a vessel and heating the organic starting material to a temperature within 20 C. of the organic starting material's boiling temperature for a time no longer than ten minutes to form graphene quantum dots. A method for sensing a graphene quantum dot includes forming a graphene quantum dot, exciting the graphene quantum dot with light having a first wavelength, measuring light emitted by the excited graphene quantum dot at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. A graphene quantum dot includes carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms where the nitrogen atoms are present within the graphene quantum dot at a level between 6.0% and 11.0% of a level of carbon atoms present in the graphene quantum dot.

Provided are L-glufosinate intermediate preparation method or L-glufosinate preparation method, the method, for preparing L-glufosinate intermediate or L-glufosinate from an L-homoserine derivative, comprising a step of preparing a compound of Chemical Formula 2 from a compound of Chemical Formula 1.

Provided are L-glufosinate intermediate preparation method or L-glufosinate preparation method, the method, for preparing L-glufosinate intermediate or L-glufosinate from an L-homoserine derivative, comprising a step of preparing a compound of Chemical Formula 2 from a compound of Chemical Formula 1.