The present invention provides cationic lipids and lipid nanoparticle formulations comprising these lipids, alone or in combination with other lipids. These lipid nanoparticles may be formulated with nucleic acids to facilitate their intracellular delivery both in vitro and for therapeutic applications. The present invention also provides methods of chemical synthesis of these lipids, lipid nanoparticle preparation and formulation with nucleic acids.

Compounds of general formula (1): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5.sup.a, R* X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z and Y are as defined herein are positive modulators of the N H calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), TMEM16A. The compounds are useful for treating diseases and conditions affected by modulation of TMEM16A, particularly respiratory diseases and conditions.

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The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance graphite sheet by imidizing a polyamic acid resulting from a reaction of dianhydride monomer(s) and diamine monomer(s) to obtain a polyimide film; and carbonizing and/or graphitizing the polyimide film to obtain a high-performance graphite sheet, where the polyimide film contains 2 or more fillers having different average particle diameters, and the thermal conductivity of the graphite sheet is at least 1,400 W/m.Math.K. Further, the present invention provides a graphite sheet obtained by the above method.

Disclosed herein are -galactosylceramide (-GalCer) analogs and compositions thereof, methods of activating invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells using said analogs, methods of treating diseases by activating iNKT cells using said analogs, and combination therapy of said analogs.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance graphite sheet by imidizing a polyamic acid resulting from a reaction of dianhydride monomer(s) and diamine monomer(s) to obtain a polyimide film; and carbonizing and/or graphitizing the polyimide film to obtain a high-performance graphite sheet, where the polyimide film contains 2 or more fillers having different average particle diameters, and the thermal conductivity of the graphite sheet is at least 1,400 W/m.Math.K. Further, the present invention provides a graphite sheet obtained by the above method.

Provided are a heterocyclic carboxylic acid amide ligand and applications thereof in a copper catalyzed coupling reaction. Specifically, provided are uses of a compound represented by formula (I), definitions of radical groups being described in the specifications. The compound represented by formula (I) can be used as the ligand in the copper catalyzed coupling reaction of the aryl halogeno substitute, and is used or catalyzing the coupling reaction for forming the aryl halogeno substitute having CN, CO, CS and other bonds. ##STR00001##

Provided are a heterocyclic carboxylic acid amide ligand and applications thereof in a copper catalyzed coupling reaction. Specifically, provided are uses of a compound represented by formula (I), definitions of radical groups being described in the specifications. The compound represented by formula (I) can be used as the ligand in the copper catalyzed coupling reaction of the aryl halogeno substitute, and is used or catalyzing the coupling reaction for forming the aryl halogeno substitute having CN, CO, CS and other bonds. ##STR00001##

New photoresist compositions are provided that comprise a component that comprises an amide group and multiple hydroxyl groups. Preferred photoresists of the invention may comprise a resin with photoacid-labile groups; a photoacid generator compound; and an amide component with multiple hydroxyl groups that can function to decrease undesired photogenerated-acid diffusion out of unexposed regions of a photoresist coating layer.

New photoresist compositions are provided that comprise a component that comprises an amide group and multiple hydroxyl groups. Preferred photoresists of the invention may comprise a resin with photoacid-labile groups; a photoacid generator compound; and an amide component with multiple hydroxyl groups that can function to decrease undesired photogenerated-acid diffusion out of unexposed regions of a photoresist coating layer.

The invention describes pharmaceutical compounds and compositions comprised of prodrug ligands attached to GHB (CNS drugs) in a manner that substantially decreases or deters the potential for GHB abuse, illicit and illegal use, and overdose. These compounds and compositions may provide substantially higher bioavailability, substantially higher half-life, substantially higher chemical and biological stability, and easier shipping and distribution requirements. These GHB prodrug compounds may alter both the physical and chemical properties and thus may not be suitable for illicit use as a date-rape drug (i.e., they may not dissolve instantly in water based drinks, may have different color once in solution, and/or may have a taste and odor once in solution etc.). When delivered at the proper dosage, the pharmaceutical composition provides therapeutic activity similar to that of the parent active agent GHB.