An organic-inorganic hybrid material is disclosure. The organic-inorganic hybrid material contains 5˜50 wt % of inorganic compounds and has a characteristic peak at 1050±50 cm.sup.−1 in FTIR spectrum. Furthermore, the invention also provides a fabricating process of the organic-inorganic hybrid material as well as its starting material “isocyanates”. In particular, the isocyanates are prepared from carbonate containing compounds and amines.

An organic-inorganic hybrid material is disclosure. The organic-inorganic hybrid material contains 5˜50 wt % of inorganic compounds and has a characteristic peak at 1050±50 cm.sup.−1 in FTIR spectrum. Furthermore, the invention also provides a fabricating process of the organic-inorganic hybrid material as well as its starting material “isocyanates”. In particular, the isocyanates are prepared from carbonate containing compounds and amines.

An organic-inorganic hybrid material is disclosure. The organic inorganic hybrid material contains 550 wt % of inorganic compounds and has a characteristic peak at 105050 cm.sup.1 in FTIR spectrum. Furthermore, the invention also provides a fabricating process of the organic-inorganic hybrid material as well as its starting material isocyanates. In particular, the isocyanates are prepared from carbonate containing compounds and amines.

The present invention is directed to processes for producing isocyanates and isocyanate derivatives from epoxide and carbon monoxide reagents. In preferred embodiments, the processes include a step for providing carbonylation of an epoxide reagent with a carbon monoxide reagent to produce a beta-lactone intermediate. In certain preferred embodiments, further carbonylation of a beta-lactone intermediate produces a succinic anhydride intermediate. The processes of the present invention include steps for rearranging beta-lactone intermediates and/or succinic anhydride intermediates to produce isocyanate products and/or isocyanate derivatives. In certain preferred embodiments, the isocyanate products may be copolymerized with polyol oligomers to provide polyurethane products.

A series of renewable bisphenols has been synthesized from creosol (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) through stoichiometric condensation with short chain aldehydes. Creosol can be readily produced from lignin, potentially allowing for the large scale synthesis of bisphenol A replacements from abundant waste biomass. The renewable bisphenols were isolated in good yield and purity without resorting to solvent intense purification methods. Zinc acetate was shown to be selective catalyst for ortho-coupling of formaldehyde but was unreactive with more sterically demanding aldehydes. Dilute HCl and HBr solutions were shown to be effective catalysts for the selective coupling of aldehydes in the position meta to the phenol. Acid solutions could be recycled and used multiple times without decreases in activity or yield.

A series of renewable bisphenols has been synthesized from creosol (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) through stoichiometric condensation with short chain aldehydes. Creosol can be readily produced from lignin, potentially allowing for the large scale synthesis of bisphenol A replacements from abundant waste biomass. The renewable bisphenols were isolated in good yield and purity without resorting to solvent intense purification methods. Zinc acetate was shown to be selective catalyst for ortho-coupling of formaldehyde but was unreactive with more sterically demanding aldehydes. Dilute HCl and HBr solutions were shown to be effective catalysts for the selective coupling of aldehydes in the position meta to the phenol. Acid solutions could be recycled and used multiple times without decreases in activity or yield.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an isocyanate compound safely and efficiently. The method for producing an isocyanate compound according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the steps of irradiating a high energy light to a halogenated methane at a temperature of 15? C. or lower in the presence of oxygen, and further adding a primary amine compound to be reacted without irradiating a high energy light.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an isocyanate compound safely and efficiently. The method for producing an isocyanate compound according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the steps of irradiating a high energy light to a halogenated methane at a temperature of 15? C. or lower in the presence of oxygen, and further adding a primary amine compound to be reacted without irradiating a high energy light.

This disclosure relates to a composition for use as an additive for fuels and lubricants including a reductive amination product of a vinyl terminated macromonomer (VTM) based aldehyde. Optionally aldehyde is reacted with the amino compound under condensation conditions sufficient to give an imine intermediate, and the imine intermediate is reacted under hydrogenation conditions sufficient to give the composition. The aldehyde is formed by reacting a VTM under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form the aldehyde. A reductive amination method for making a composition for use as an additive for fuels and lubricants. The method includes reacting a VTM based aldehyde with an amino compound containing at least one NH group under condensation conditions sufficient to give an imine intermediate, and reacting the imine intermediate under hydrogenation conditions sufficient to give said composition. The aldehyde is formed by reacting a VTM under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form the aldehyde.

This invention relates to a process for operating a gas phase phosgenation plant (100) to form an isocyanate (4) by reacting an amine (2) with phosgene (1), in which the gas phase phosgenation plant is shut down by first stopping the amine stream and still maintaining the phosgene stream. After a period of time which corresponds to at least 10 times the residence time of phosgene (1) in the main parts of the gas phase phosgenation plant (100) in regular operation, calculated from the time at which the amine inflow has been completely stopped, the feed of phosgene is also stopped. An inert gas stream (3) is maintained through the amine and phosgene feeding devices and through all the other essential parts of the gas phase phosgenation plant (100) during the shutdown.