The invention relates to compounds and methods for restoring or preserving cholesterol efflux in a cell infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by preventing or decreasing an interaction between Negative Regulatory Factor (Nef) protein and Calnexin protein, and methods for screening for such compounds.

The invention relates to compounds and methods for restoring or preserving cholesterol efflux in a cell infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by preventing or decreasing an interaction between Negative Regulatory Factor (Nef) protein and Calnexin protein, and methods for screening for such compounds.

Disclosed are a series of malonamide derivatives having a chemical structure(I), their synthesis, and evaluation of their bioactivities against bacterial cell, bacterial-infected C. elegans and mice.

Disclosed are a series of malonamide derivatives having a chemical structure(I), their synthesis, and evaluation of their bioactivities against bacterial cell, bacterial-infected C. elegans and mice.

An additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can suppress the initial gas generation amount when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. The additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is represented by any one of formulae [1] to [4]:

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and Y are as defined in the specification.

The present invention provides compounds according to Formula I as described herein, and their use for inhibiting the lysine gingipain protease (Kgp) from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Also described are gingipain activity probe compounds and methods for assaying gingipain activity are also described, as well as methods for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

The present invention provides compounds according to Formula I as described herein, and their use for inhibiting the lysine gingipain protease (Kgp) from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Also described are gingipain activity probe compounds and methods for assaying gingipain activity are also described, as well as methods for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

The present invention provides an organic sulfur material comprising carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur as constituent elements, and having peaks in the vicinity of 480 cm.sup.1, 1250 cm.sup.1, 1440 cm.sup.1, and 1900 cm.sup.1 in a Raman spectrum detected by Raman spectroscopy. The peak in the vicinity of 1440 cm.sup.1 is the most intense peak. This organic sulfur material, which is produced by using a liquid organic starting material, achieves high capacity. This organic sulfur material preferably does not have peaks in the vicinity of 846 cm.sup.1 or 1066 cm.sup.1.

The present invention provides an organic sulfur material comprising carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur as constituent elements, and having peaks in the vicinity of 480 cm.sup.1, 1250 cm.sup.1, 1440 cm.sup.1, and 1900 cm.sup.1 in a Raman spectrum detected by Raman spectroscopy. The peak in the vicinity of 1440 cm.sup.1 is the most intense peak. This organic sulfur material, which is produced by using a liquid organic starting material, achieves high capacity. This organic sulfur material preferably does not have peaks in the vicinity of 846 cm.sup.1 or 1066 cm.sup.1.

The present invention provides methods of forming hydrogen sulfide. The methods include contacting a precursor compound with an unmasking agent; wherein the precursor compound comprises a hydrogen sulfide releasing moiety and a masked nucleophile; and wherein the contacting is conducted under conditions sufficient for cyclization of the precursor compound via lactone or lactam formation; thereby releasing hydrogen sulfide from the precursor compound. Hydrogen sulfide precursor compounds according to Formula I are also described, as well as methods for treating diseases and conditions using hydrogen sulfide precursors. ##STR00001##