It is an object of the present invention to provide methods for producing vitamin D that gives improved yields and reduced side product contamination. In various aspects, these methods provide for production of vitamin-D.sub.2 using ergosterol as provitamin D.sub.2 or a dihydroxy derivative thereof as a starting material, or production of vitamin-D.sub.3 using 7-dehydrocholesterol as provitamin D.sub.3 or a dihydroxy derivative thereof as the starting material. The methods described herein comprise irradiating the starting material in a solution including an organic or inorganic base with light in the wavelength range 245-360 nanometers (nm) to obtain a product containing pre-vitamin-D.sub.2 or pre-vitamin-D.sub.3, and heating the product to convert the resulting pre-vitamin-D.sub.2 or pre-vitamin-D.sub.3 to vitamin D.sub.2 or vitamin D.sub.3. In various embodiments, these methods further comprise recovering vitamin D.sub.2 or vitamin D.sub.3 from this reaction as a purified product.

It is an object of the present invention to provide methods for producing vitamin D that gives improved yields and reduced side product contamination. In various aspects, these methods provide for production of vitamin-D.sub.2 using ergosterol as provitamin D.sub.2 or a dihydroxy derivative thereof as a starting material, or production of vitamin-D.sub.3 using 7-dehydrocholesterol as provitamin D.sub.3 or a dihydroxy derivative thereof as the starting material. The methods described herein comprise irradiating the starting material in a solution including an organic or inorganic base with light in the wavelength range 245-360 nanometers (nm) to obtain a product containing pre-vitamin-D.sub.2 or pre-vitamin-D.sub.3, and heating the product to convert the resulting pre-vitamin-D.sub.2 or pre-vitamin-D.sub.3 to vitamin D.sub.2 or vitamin D.sub.3. In various embodiments, these methods further comprise recovering vitamin D.sub.2 or vitamin D.sub.3 from this reaction as a purified product.

The present disclosure relates to biomimetic nanomaterials, compounds, compositions, and methods for delivery of therapeutic, diagnostic, or prophylactic agents (for example, a nucleic acid).

A 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal, a preparation method thereof, and a microemulsion using the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal of the present disclosure shows characteristic peaks at 2 of 10.035, 11.623, 14.631, 15.054, 15.551, 16.471, 17.198, 19.002, 19.628, 20.109, 21.886, 23.113, 23.661, 24.701, 25.220, 25.440, and 28.527. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal can effectively enhance the stability of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and is more beneficial to the production and storage of related preparations, and thus biological characteristics of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol can be effectively utilized.

A 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal, a preparation method thereof, and a microemulsion using the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal of the present disclosure shows characteristic peaks at 2 of 10.035, 11.623, 14.631, 15.054, 15.551, 16.471, 17.198, 19.002, 19.628, 20.109, 21.886, 23.113, 23.661, 24.701, 25.220, 25.440, and 28.527. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal can effectively enhance the stability of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and is more beneficial to the production and storage of related preparations, and thus biological characteristics of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol can be effectively utilized.

Novel biaromatic compounds, which are vitamin D analogs, processes for their preparation and cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical preparations containing one or more of these compounds.

Novel biaromatic compounds, which are vitamin D analogs, processes for their preparation and cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical preparations containing one or more of these compounds.

Disclosed are methods of purifying the compound (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 to obtain the compound in crystalline form. The methods typically include the steps of dissolving (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 in a solvent comprising ethyl acetate and hexane to form a solution, allowing crystals of (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 to form and precipitate from the solution, and recovering the crystals of (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 from the solution.

Disclosed herein are methods of using immunomodulatory sterols as vaccine adjuvants. Accordingly, certain embodiments relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one antigen and at least one immunomodulatory sterol; and, methods of inducing an immunomodulatory response in a patient by administering an immunomodulatory-effective amount of at least one immunomodulatory sterol.

Provided are compounds that generate a peroxide when they react with ozone in the presence of water. Additionally, alkyne compounds reactive with a free radical, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) or another reactive species are provided. Also provided are enol ether, enamine, and vinal thioester compounds reactive with a free radical, a strong acid, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) or another reactive species. Additionally provided are compounds reactive with a free radical, an ROS or another reactive species. The compounds comprise a conjugated moiety operably joined to an alkene moiety and a resonance-transmitting moiety, wherein the resonance-transmitting moiety transmits an electron through the conjugated moiety to the alkene moiety, which reacts with the free radical, an ROS or another reactive species. Also provided are methods of decomposing a free radical, an ROS or another reactive species. The methods comprise contacting the free radical or ROS with any of the above compounds. Also provided are methods of using any of the compounds described herein, and compositions comprising those compounds. Additionally provided are methods of producing the above compounds.