The invention provides compositions and methods for ameliorating, treating, reversing or preventing pathology or inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), or the brain, caused or mediated by NFkB, IL-6, IL-6-R, NADPH oxidase (Nox), and/or superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide production by a NADPH oxidase, including for example ameliorating, treating, reversing or preventing schizophrenia, psychosis, delirium, e.g., post-operative delirium, drug-induced psychosis, psychotic features associated with frailty syndrome (FS), aging, depression, dementias; traumatic war neurosis, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease), and/or Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The invention also provides methods for purifying a C60 fullerene, C.sub.3 (tris malonic acid C60) or malonic acid derivatives.

The invention relates to novel fullerene derivatives, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to mixtures and formulations containing them, to the use of the fullerene derivatives, mixtures and formulations as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising, or being prepared from, these fullerene derivatives, mixtures or formulations.

Organic color center-tailored carbon nanotubes, particularly semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, are of significant interest for imaging, sensing, and quantum information processing applications. A high-yield, simple, one-pot synthetic route for producing these materials exceeding the current g/mL scale is provided. Adding an acid solution of raw carbon nanotubes, nitrite, and an aniline derivative into a reactive solvent, such as water, results in covalently bonded organic color center-tailored nanotubes. No radical initiator or heating is required for the reaction. The chemistry works for all the nanotube chiralities investigated. The synthesized materials are neat solids that can be readily dispersed in either water or an organic solvent using a surfactant or polymer depending on the specific application. The OCC-products can also be further sorted into single chirality-enriched fractions with defect-specific photoluminescence that is tunable over approximately 1100 to approximately 1550 nm.

A polyaryl carboxylic fullerene derivative and its use in anti-coronavirus infection are disclosed. Specifically, a compound shown in formula A: fullerene-RR.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3R.sub.4R.sub.5 formula A, or a stereoisomer, prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound is provided. The compound or a derivative thereof has promising application prospects in anti-coronavirus infection.