Described herein are embodiments of squarylium compounds for use as filters in light-emitting and/or display devices. One problem of known quarylium dyes is that strong nucleophiles can attack the electron-deficient cyclobutene ring which can lead to a loss of the dye's colour. Another potential drawback with squaraine dyes can be their tendency to form aggregates, which can lead to a substantial broadening of their absorption bands. Use of the present compounds in filters address these problems. The squarylium compounds of the present invention have the following formulas: ##STR00001##

Provided is a polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that can contribute to the widening of the color gamut of an image display apparatus, the polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer being suppressed in brightness reduction and being excellent in durability. The polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present invention includes a polarizer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer arranged on at least one side of the polarizer. A distance between the polarizer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 25 μm or less. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has an absorption peak in a wavelength band in the range of from 580 nm to 610 nm. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer contains a compound X represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II).

Provided is an optically functional film that can contribute to the widening of the color gamut of an image display apparatus, the optically functional film being suppressed in brightness reduction and being excellent in durability. The optically functional film of the present invention includes an optically functional layer having a moisture permeability of 100 g/m.sup.2 or less, wherein the optically functional layer has an absorption peak in a wavelength band in a range of from 580 nm to 610 nm, and wherein the optically functional layer contains a compound X represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II).

Some implementations of the present disclosure prevent, reduce or at least slow equipment fouling using passivation as a treatment prior to contacting metallic components with hydrocarbon containing fluid, that is, an environment where fouling occurs. For example, one implementation includes a method of passivating heat exchangers in a SAGD process or system using the compositions and compounds of the present disclosure. The composition may be applied to a component prior to its first inclusion in an online system or following placing the system offline for maintenance. The composition may be used to treat metallic equipment surface(s), for example, via contacting them with a suspension or solution of the composition described herein, prior placing the system online. The method may further include treatment of the process fluid, for example, via injection or batch treatment of the composition with the compositions described herein into the process fluid.

The invention relates to compounds of the structure of formula I and II: ##STR00001##
where X is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NH; Y, A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of N and CH; D, E and F are independently selected from the group consisting of CH, N, O and S; the symbol --- represents a single or a double bond; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, electron withdrawing groups and electron releasing groups. In other embodiments, the compounds are used as oxygen scavengers and in barrier compositions and articles.

The invention relates to compounds of the structure of formula I and II: ##STR00001##
where X is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NH; Y, A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of N and CH; D, E and F are independently selected from the group consisting of CH, N, O and S; the symbol --- represents a single or a double bond; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, electron withdrawing groups and electron releasing groups. In other embodiments, the compounds are used as oxygen scavengers and in barrier compositions and articles.

A branched monodispersed polyethylene glycol represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.1 is a functional group that forms a covalent bond upon a reaction with a functional group present in a biofunctional molecule; n is an integer of 4 to 50, which represents number of repeating units of ethylene oxide units; and L.sup.1 represents a single bond, NH, -L.sup.2-(CH.sub.2).sub.m1 or -L.sup.2-(CH.sub.2).sub.m1-L.sup.3-(CH.sub.2).sub.2-, L.sup.2 represents an ether bond, an amide bond, an urethane bond or a single bond, L.sup.3 represents an ether bond, an amide bond or an urethane bond, and m1 and m2 represent each independently an integer of 1 to 5.

Provided is an optically functional film that can contribute to the widening of the color gamut of an image display apparatus, the optically functional film being suppressed in brightness reduction and being excellent in durability. The optically functional film of the present invention includes: a resin layer; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer arranged on at least one side of the resin layer, wherein the resin layer and/or the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer contains, as coloring matters, a compound X represented by the general formula (I) or (II) and a compound Y having an absorption peak in a wavelength band in a range of from 400 nm to 700 nm, which are mixed with each other.

Compounds, tautomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are disclosed, wherein the compounds have the structure of Formula Ia,

##STR00001##

as defined in the specification. Corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment, methods of synthesis, and intermediates are also disclosed.

Described herein are embodiments of squarylium compounds for use as filters in light-emitting and/or display devices. One problem of known quarylium dyes is that strong nucleophiles can attack the electron-deficient cyclobutene ring which can lead to a loss of the dye's colour. Another potential drawback with squaraine dyes can be their tendency to form aggregates, which can lead to a substantial broadening of their absorption bands. Use of the present compounds in filters address these problems. The squarylium compounds of the present invention have the following formulas:

##STR00001##