The present invention aims to provide an electrolyte solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an electrolyte salt and is capable of providing an electrochemical device having a high capacitance retention and reducing generation of gas. The electrolyte solution of the present invention contains a solvent, a quaternary ammonium salt, and a nitrogen-containing unsaturated cyclic compound. The unsaturated cyclic compound is a nitrogen-containing unsaturated heterocyclic compound. The unsaturated cyclic compound excludes salts of the unsaturated cyclic compound and ionic liquids obtainable from the unsaturated cyclic compound.

The new 1H-furo[3,2-b]imidazo[4,5-d]pyridine derivatives are selective Jak1 kinase inhibitors useful in treating disorders related to Jak1 activities such as autoimmune diseases or disorders, inflammatory diseases or disorders, and cancer or neoplastic diseases or disorders.

Cranial placodes are embryonic structures essential for sensory and endocrine organ development. The efficient derivation of cranial placodes from human pluripotent stem cells is disclosed where the timed removal of the BMP inhibitor Noggin, a component of the dual-SMAD inhibition strategy of neural induction, triggers placode induction at the expense of CNS fates. Further fate specification at the pre-placode stage enables the selective generation of placode-derived trigeminal ganglia capable of in vivo engraftment, mature lens fibers and anterior pituitary hormone-producing cells that upon transplantation produce hormones including, but not limited to, human growth hormone and adrenocortiocotropic hormone in vivo. Alternatively, anterior pituitary hormone-producing cells are generated in cell culture systems in vitro.

Polymerization inhibitor compositions are provided. The polymerization inhibitor compositions may include at least one hydroxylamine of a nitroxide and at least one phenylenediamine. Methods of inhibiting the unwanted polymerization of monomers are also provided. The methods include adding the presently disclosed polymerization inhibitor compositions to a fluid containing the monomers. The monomers may be ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrolein, methacrolein, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, butadiene, ethylene, propylene, and styrene.

Polymerization inhibitor compositions are provided. The polymerization inhibitor compositions may include at least one hydroxylamine of a nitroxide and at least one phenylenediamine. Methods of inhibiting the unwanted polymerization of monomers are also provided. The methods include adding the presently disclosed polymerization inhibitor compositions to a fluid containing the monomers. The monomers may be ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrolein, methacrolein, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, butadiene, ethylene, propylene, and styrene.

The invention provides compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein the variables are defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, that are inhibitors of JAK kinases. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat gastrointestinal and other inflammatory diseases, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

The invention provides compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein the variables are defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, that are inhibitors of JAK kinases. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat gastrointestinal and other inflammatory diseases, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

##STR00001##

where R, R1, and G are as described herein; methods of preparing the compounds; and use of the compounds to treat pain and/or inflammation associated with arthritis or osteoarthritis.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, formula (1), where R, R1, and G are as described herein; methods of preparing the compounds; and use of the compounds to treat pain and/or inflammation associated with arthritis or osteoarthritis. ##STR00001##

Provided are imidazolidinedione compounds of formula (I), processes for preparation, uses and pharmaceutically compositions thereof. Said imidazolidinedione compounds possess androgen receptor antagonist activity and can be used for preventing and treating diseases and disorders related to androgen receptor, such as prostate cancer, alopecia, hair regeneration, acne and adolescent acne.