This invention relates to methods for oligonucleotide synthesis, specifically the synthesis of oligonucleotides that contain a high content of guanine monomers. In more detail, the invention relates to a method for coupling a nucleoside phosphoramidite during the synthesis of an oligonucleotide to a universal support, to a first nucleoside, or to an extending oligonucleotide.

This invention relates to methods for oligonucleotide synthesis, specifically the synthesis of oligonucleotides that contain a high content of guanine monomers. In more detail, the invention relates to a method for coupling a nucleoside phosphoramidite during the synthesis of an oligonucleotide to a universal support, to a first nucleoside, or to an extending oligonucleotide.

A method includes forming a photoresist layer over a substrate, wherein the photoresist layer includes a polymer, a sensitizer, and a photo-acid generator (PAG), wherein the sensitizer includes a resonance ring that includes nitrogen and at least one double bond. The method further includes performing an exposing process to the photoresist layer. The method further includes developing the photoresist layer, thereby forming a patterned photoresist layer.

Compounds that regulate quorum sensing in Staphylococcal bacteria and in particular in Staphylococcus aureus are provided. Compounds are described in formulas I, II, III, IV, V and VI herein. One or more compounds herein can be employed to inhibit QS and to thus inhibit virulence in Staphylococcus bacteria and in particular in Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds herein and pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds are useful, for example, in treating infections of Staphylococcus bacteria and in particular of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods for treating such bacterial infections are provided.

Compounds that regulate quorum sensing in Staphylococcal bacteria and in particular in Staphylococcus aureus are provided. Compounds are described in formulas I, II, III, IV, V and VI herein. One or more compounds herein can be employed to inhibit QS and to thus inhibit virulence in Staphylococcus bacteria and in particular in Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds herein and pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds are useful, for example, in treating infections of Staphylococcus bacteria and in particular of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods for treating such bacterial infections are provided.

The present invention provides novel conformationally-defined macrocyclic compounds that can function as selective modulators of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone sceretagogue receptor, GHS-R1a and subtypes, isoforms and variants thereof). Methods of synthesizing the novel compounds are also described herein. These compounds are useful as agonists of the ghrelin receptor and as medicaments for treatment and prevention of a range of medical conditions including, but not limited to, metabolic and/or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and obesity-associated disorders, central nervous system disorders, bone disorders, genetic disorders, hyperproliferative disorders and inflammatory disorders.

The present invention provides novel conformationally-defined macrocyclic compounds that can function as selective modulators of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone sceretagogue receptor, GHS-R1a and subtypes, isoforms and variants thereof). Methods of synthesizing the novel compounds are also described herein. These compounds are useful as agonists of the ghrelin receptor and as medicaments for treatment and prevention of a range of medical conditions including, but not limited to, metabolic and/or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and obesity-associated disorders, central nervous system disorders, bone disorders, genetic disorders, hyperproliferative disorders and inflammatory disorders.

Compositions are disclosed herein that include macrocycle derivatives incorporating bridged macrocycles. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using the compositions.

Compositions are disclosed herein that include macrocycle derivatives incorporating bridged macrocycles. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using the compositions.

Compounds provided are racemic, non-racemic or substantially enantiomerically pure dimers or salts or solvates thereof of formula: ##STR00001## where: W and W are S or NR.sub.1, or WCO or WCO is CHCH, where each R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R and R are hydrogen or an straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl; X.sub.1, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.2 are optionally-substituted straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 3-8 carbon atoms, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-12 carbon atoms; optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted heteroaryl, optionally-substituted heterocycyl, optionally-substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally-substituted arylalkyl, optionally-substituted heteroarylalkyl and optionally-substituted heterocycylalkyl groups and L.sub.1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are divalent chemical moieties. Dimers are employed to modulate quorum sensing and to thus inhibit virulence in Staphylococcus bacteria. Dimers are useful in treating infections of Staphylococcus bacteria. Methods for treating such bacterial infections are also provided.