In some embodiments, this application relates to inventive compounds (e.g., Formula (I), Formula (II), thiosemicarbazones and/or thiosemicarbazones and their metal (e.g., zinc, cobalt, nickel, or copper) complexes, and extended structures thereof), methods for preparation of the inventive compounds, compositions comprising the inventive compounds (e.g., anode, cathodes, catalysts (e.g., electrocatalysts), glassy carbon electrodes, carbon paste electrodes, covalently modified carbon (e.g., modified graphene)), electrochemical cells comprising compositions that comprise one or more inventive compounds, fuel cells comprising compositions that comprise one or more inventive compounds, uses of one or more inventive compounds to produce H.sub.2 (e.g., via an electrochemical cell), and uses of one or more inventive compounds to create energy from H.sub.2 (e.g., via a fuel cell). Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

The present disclosure provides immunogenic compositions comprising: a) hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1E2 heterodimers, HCV E2, or HCV E1; and b) an adjuvant, where the adjuvant is a cyclic dinucleotide or an archaeosome. The present disclosure provides methods of inducing an immune response in an individual to HCV, the methods comprising administering to an individual an effective amount of an immunogenic composition of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides immunogenic compositions comprising: a) hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1E2 heterodimers, HCV E2, or HCV E1; and b) an adjuvant, where the adjuvant is a cyclic dinucleotide or an archaeosome. The present disclosure provides methods of inducing an immune response in an individual to HCV, the methods comprising administering to an individual an effective amount of an immunogenic composition of the present disclosure.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a cyclic oligo(arylene ether) which can be a cyclic oligo(dichloromethylene arylene ether) or a cyclic oligo(arylene ether ketone); the process comprises the step of causing an aromatic compound to react with a hexachloroxylene compound in a pseudo-high dilution environment. The invention relates also to new cyclic oligo(arylene ether)s and their use for the manufacture of acyclic poly (arylene ether)s, such as PEKK, by ring-opening polymerization.

A receptor for the simultaneous removal of oxoanions and their counterions from aqueous phase, particularly containing radioactive wastes, containing amide groups specifically coordinating the oxoanions, as well as moieties specifically coordinating cations, according to the present invention is characterised in that it contains within one molecule domains binding oxoanions and domains binding cations, preferably adapting a molecular structure of a general formula: (I) wherein Z this is a group containing crown ether, preferably a benzocrown group, X is any substituent, including the YZ grouping, and Y is any substituent or 0 (i.e. a direct bond between N and Z), where the oxoanion binding domain is a squaramide unit coordinating the oxoanions through amide groups, and squaramide contains additional substituents that increase or decrease the acidity of its amide protons, compared to unsubstituted squaramide, whereas the counter ion binding domain is a crown ether of a size adjusted to the type of binding cation, which forms part of at least one of the aforementioned substituents of squaramide, where the receptor has the ability to remove oxoanions and their counterions from aqueous phase to another water-immiscible phase, preferably to organic phase, and has the ability to form soluble complexes in at least one of the aforementioned phases. The invention considers also a method of removing oxoanions in the form of inorganic salts from aqueous phase, using receptors of the invention in the form of organic molecules containing amide groups, according to the invention is characterised in that it uses the aforementioned receptors for simultaneous binding of oxoanions and their counterions in aqueous phase, preferably acidic when using the receptor with substituents increasing acidity of squaramide protons, or alkaline when using the receptor with substituents decreasing acidity of squaramide protons. A sensor for detecting oxoanions according to the invention is characterised in that it uses the aforementioned receptors, dissolved or suspended in an organic solvent or in a mixture of organic solvents, forming coloured complexes in contact with the phase containing given oxoanions. The preparation for removing oxoanions from aqueous solutions, particularly containing radioactive waste at the stage preceding their disposal by vitrification, is characterised in that it contains the receptor according to the invention, dissolved or suspended in the water-immiscible phase, and the appropriate amount of counterion facilitating extraction. A process of utilisation of aqueous solutions by vitrification, particularly solutions containing radioactive waste, is character

A receptor for the simultaneous removal of oxoanions and their counterions from aqueous phase, particularly containing radioactive wastes, containing amide groups specifically coordinating the oxoanions, as well as moieties specifically coordinating cations, according to the present invention is characterised in that it contains within one molecule domains binding oxoanions and domains binding cations, preferably adapting a molecular structure of a general formula: (I) wherein Z this is a group containing crown ether, preferably a benzocrown group, X is any substituent, including the YZ grouping, and Y is any substituent or 0 (i.e. a direct bond between N and Z), where the oxoanion binding domain is a squaramide unit coordinating the oxoanions through amide groups, and squaramide contains additional substituents that increase or decrease the acidity of its amide protons, compared to unsubstituted squaramide, whereas the counter ion binding domain is a crown ether of a size adjusted to the type of binding cation, which forms part of at least one of the aforementioned substituents of squaramide, where the receptor has the ability to remove oxoanions and their counterions from aqueous phase to another water-immiscible phase, preferably to organic phase, and has the ability to form soluble complexes in at least one of the aforementioned phases. The invention considers also a method of removing oxoanions in the form of inorganic salts from aqueous phase, using receptors of the invention in the form of organic molecules containing amide groups, according to the invention is characterised in that it uses the aforementioned receptors for simultaneous binding of oxoanions and their counterions in aqueous phase, preferably acidic when using the receptor with substituents increasing acidity of squaramide protons, or alkaline when using the receptor with substituents decreasing acidity of squaramide protons. A sensor for detecting oxoanions according to the invention is characterised in that it uses the aforementioned receptors, dissolved or suspended in an organic solvent or in a mixture of organic solvents, forming coloured complexes in contact with the phase containing given oxoanions. The preparation for removing oxoanions from aqueous solutions, particularly containing radioactive waste at the stage preceding their disposal by vitrification, is characterised in that it contains the receptor according to the invention, dissolved or suspended in the water-immiscible phase, and the appropriate amount of counterion facilitating extraction. A process of utilisation of aqueous solutions by vitrification, particularly solutions containing radioactive waste, is character

The present application discloses, in part, isolated, stable and biologically active menaquinol derivatives and their methods of use for the treatment of various diseases.

The present application discloses, in part, isolated, stable and biologically active menaquinol derivatives and their methods of use for the treatment of various diseases.

The invention provides a material comprising (i) a crown ether of formula (I) and/or (ii) a crown ether of formula (II), or a salt thereof, wherein each m independently is an integer from 1 to 8, each designates an optionally present bond and/or structure, each X independently is N(R.sub.1).sub.2, N*(R.sub.1), N**, N*(R.sub.1).sub.2.sup.+Z.sup., or N**(R.sub.1).sup.+Z.sup., provided at least one X is N*(R.sub.1), N**, N*(R.sub.1).sub.2.sup.+Z.sup., or N**(R.sub.1).sup.+Z.sup., wherein each R.sub.1 independently is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, each Z is optionally present and independently is a counterion to balance the charge on nitrogen, and * represents a bond to a remainder of the material, a method of making the material, and a method of using the material.

The invention provides a material comprising (i) a crown ether of formula (I) and/or (ii) a crown ether of formula (II), or a salt thereof, wherein each m independently is an integer from 1 to 8, each designates an optionally present bond and/or structure, each X independently is N(R.sub.1).sub.2, N*(R.sub.1), N**, N*(R.sub.1).sub.2.sup.+Z.sup., or N**(R.sub.1).sup.+Z.sup., provided at least one X is N*(R.sub.1), N**, N*(R.sub.1).sub.2.sup.+Z.sup., or N**(R.sub.1).sup.+Z.sup., wherein each R.sub.1 independently is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, each Z is optionally present and independently is a counterion to balance the charge on nitrogen, and * represents a bond to a remainder of the material, a method of making the material, and a method of using the material.