The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution capable of improving electrochemical characteristics in the case of using an energy storage device at a high temperature and at a high voltage and further capable of inhibiting the gas generation while maintaining a capacity retention rate after storage at a high temperature and at a high voltage and also provides an energy storage device using the same. Disclosed is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a carboxylic acid ester compound represented by the following general formula (I).

##STR00001##

In the formula, each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C(O)OR.sup.4 group, or the like, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or the like, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3. When n is 1, then L and R.sup.4 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the like; and when n is 2 or 3, then L represents an n-valent connecting group, X represents a C(O) group, an S(O) group, an S(O).sub.2 group, an S(O).sub.2R.sup.5S(O).sub.2 group or a CR.sup.6R.sup.7 group, R.sup.5 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and each of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte salt and a sulfinyl compound. The electrolyte salt includes an imide anion, and the imide anion includes at least one of an anion represented by Formula (1), an anion represented by Formula (2), an anion represented by Formula (3), or an anion represented by Formula (4). The sulfinyl compound includes at least one of a compound represented by Formula (5), a compound represented by Formula (6), a compound represented by Formula (7), a compound represented by Formula (8), a compound represented by Formula (9), a compound represented by Formula (10), or a compound represented by Formula (11).

A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte salt and a sulfinyl compound. The electrolyte salt includes an imide anion, and the imide anion includes at least one of an anion represented by Formula (1), an anion represented by Formula (2), an anion represented by Formula (3), or an anion represented by Formula (4). The sulfinyl compound includes at least one of a compound represented by Formula (5), a compound represented by Formula (6), a compound represented by Formula (7), a compound represented by Formula (8), a compound represented by Formula (9), a compound represented by Formula (10), or a compound represented by Formula (11).

Provided are: an additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery, the additive including a compound represented by Formula 1 and a compound represented by Formula 2; an organic electrolyte including the additive; and a lithium battery including the electrolyte. Accordingly, lifespan characteristics of the lithium battery may be improved and the amount of gas generation may be reduced.

Provided are: an additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery, the additive including a compound represented by Formula 1 and a compound represented by Formula 2; an organic electrolyte including the additive; and a lithium battery including the electrolyte. Accordingly, lifespan characteristics of the lithium battery may be improved and the amount of gas generation may be reduced.

Provided is an industrially advantageous method for producing a methylene disulfonate compound easily and inexpensively using fewer raw materials. The method for producing a methylene disulfonate compound of the present invention comprises step A of reacting at least one alkanesulfonic acid compound and sulfur trioxide in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sulfoxide compound and a sulfone compound to thereby obtain reactant A comprising an alkanedisulfonic acid compound, and step B of reacting reactant A obtained in step A and a formaldehyde compound in the presence of sulfur trioxide to thereby obtain a methylene disulfonate compound.

Provided is an industrially advantageous method for producing a methylene disulfonate compound easily and inexpensively using fewer raw materials. The method for producing a methylene disulfonate compound of the present invention comprises step A of reacting at least one alkanesulfonic acid compound and sulfur trioxide in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sulfoxide compound and a sulfone compound to thereby obtain reactant A comprising an alkanedisulfonic acid compound, and step B of reacting reactant A obtained in step A and a formaldehyde compound in the presence of sulfur trioxide to thereby obtain a methylene disulfonate compound.

A carrier which may have excellent pressure resistance, and even when a protein ligand is not immobilized thereon, a high dynamic binding capacity to a target substance, and a high performance of separating a target substance from a biological sample. Such a carrier may include a polymer having a crosslinked structure containing a divalent group of formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are independently a single bond or divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H or a hydrocarbon group, X is a thio group, sulfinyl group, sulfonyl group, oxy group, >N(R.sup.31), >Si(R.sup.32).sub.2, >P(R.sup.33), >P(O)(R.sup.34), >B(R.sup.35), or >C(R.sup.36).sub.2 (R.sup.31 to R.sup.36 independently being H or hydrocarbon group), and * is a bond, provided that when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 or both R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are a divalent hydrocarbon group, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may form a ring together with an adjacent carbon atom.

A carrier which may have excellent pressure resistance, and even when a protein ligand is not immobilized thereon, a high dynamic binding capacity to a target substance, and a high performance of separating a target substance from a biological sample. Such a carrier may include a polymer having a crosslinked structure containing a divalent group of formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are independently a single bond or divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H or a hydrocarbon group, X is a thio group, sulfinyl group, sulfonyl group, oxy group, >N(R.sup.31), >Si(R.sup.32).sub.2, >P(R.sup.33), >P(O)(R.sup.34), >B(R.sup.35), or >C(R.sup.36).sub.2 (R.sup.31 to R.sup.36 independently being H or hydrocarbon group), and * is a bond, provided that when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 or both R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are a divalent hydrocarbon group, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may form a ring together with an adjacent carbon atom.

An electrochemical device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material layer, including a negative electrode active material, wherein the negative electrode active material includes a silicon-containing compound; and the negative electrode active material further includes, on the surface, a protective layer including a compound having an SO bond.