Described herein are methods for using compounds that activate pyruvate kinase.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly, relates to a heterocycle-substituted aromatic compound, a method for preparing same, a herbicidal composition, and use thereof. The compound is represented by general formula I, wherein Y represents a halogen, a halogenated alkyl, cyano, nitro, or amino; Z represents hydrogen, a halogen, or hydroxyl; M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 each independently represent CR.sub.5 or N(O).sub.m; Q represents CX3X4; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R5 each independently represent hydrogen, a halogen, or the like; X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, and X.sub.4 each independently represent hydrogen, a halogen, or the like, and m represents 0 or 1. The compound, even at a low application rate, has excellent herbicidal activity on gramineous weeds, broad-leaf weeds, and the like, and has high selectivity for crops.

##STR00001##

Provided is a polymer film containing at least one of a compound represented by formula (1) of hydrates, solvates, or salts thereof. Y is a methine group or nitrogen atom. Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b, and Q.sup.c are a single bond or a divalent linking group. R.sup.a, R.sup.b, and R.sup.c, are hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, cyano group, halogen group, or heterocyclic group. X.sup.2 is a single bond or a divalent linking group. X.sup.1 is a single bond or a predetermined divalent linking group. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, or heterocyclic group ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to 2-pyridyloxy-3-nitrile-4-substituted compounds which are antagonists of orexin receptors. The present invention is also directed to uses of the 2-pyridyloxy-3-nitrile-4-substituted compounds described herein in the potential treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which orexin receptors are involved. The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The present invention is also directed to uses of these pharmaceutical compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which orexin receptors are involved.

Methods of treating disorders using compounds that modulate striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), such as those of formula (III), and composition thereof are described herein. Exemplary disorders include schizophrenia and cognitive deficit. ##STR00001##

Compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors of acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1), useful in the treatment of obesity, obesity related disorders, genetic (Type 1, Type 5 hyperlipidemia) and acquired forms of hypertriglyceridemia or hyperlipoproteinemia-related disorders, caused by but not limited to lipodystrophy, hypothyroidism, medications (beta blockers, thiazides, estrogen, glucocorticoids, transplant) and other factors (pregnancy, alcohol intake), hyperlipoproteinemia, chylomicronemia, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular outcomes, angina, excess hair growth (including syndromes associated with hirsutism), nephrotic syndrome, fibrosis such as mycocardial, renal and liver fibrosis, hepatitis C virus infection and acne or other skin disorders. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula I: wherein X is N or CR1; Y is N or CR2; R1 is H, alkoxy, halo, triazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazole, oxadiazolyl, or pyrazolyl; R2 is H, alkyl, alkoxy, or halo; Z is NH or O; R3 is H, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, or triazolyl; R4 is H or alkyl; or R3 and R4, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 6-membered aryl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring; R5 is pyridyl, pyrazinyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein the pyridyl, pyrazinyl, or pyrimidinyl is optionally substituted with halo or alkyl; and n is 1 or 2. Methods of making the compounds of Formula I are also described. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I. Methods of using the compounds of the invention are also within the scope of the invention.

The present invention provides 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds having antiproliferative activity, compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds to inhibit cellular proliferation and to treat proliferative diseases such as tumorigenic cancers.

Disclosed are azaindazole compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is O and Y is N; or X is S and Y is CH; Z is CR.sup.2 or N; Q is a heteroaryl; and R.sub.1 is defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds in the treatment of at least one CYP17 associated condition, such as, for example, cancer, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds.

Aminoquinazolinyl compounds of formula (I) are described, ##STR00001##
which are useful as prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. Such compounds may be used in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by prolyl hydroxylase activity. Thus, the compounds may be administered to treat, e.g., anemia, vascular disorders, metabolic disorders, and wound healing.