A compound represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a group represented by the formula: ##STR00002##
a group represented by the formula: ##STR00003##
or a group represented by the formula: ##STR00004##
and R.sup.2 represents a 3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl group or 4-methoxycyclohexyl group.

Disclosed is an analgesic composition including an opioid analgesic and a therapeutically effective amount of P7C3, and the present analgesic composition may treat acute and facilitated pain very effectively, and has a significantly high synergistic effect compared to the effect by administration of individual drugs.

An object is to provide an organic compound with a low refractive index. Alternatively, a novel organic compound with a low refractive index and an electron-donating property is provided. Alternatively, an EL device with high emission efficiency is provided. An organic compound having an arylamine skeleton including a fluorine atom or an acridine skeleton including a fluorine atom and an EL device using the organic compound are provided. The EL device preferably includes a hole-injection layer containing the organic compound having an arylamine skeleton including a fluorine atom or an acridine skeleton including a fluorine atom and a substance showing an electron-accepting property with respect to the organic compound.

An object is to provide an organic compound with a low refractive index. Alternatively, a novel organic compound with a low refractive index and an electron-donating property is provided. Alternatively, an EL device with high emission efficiency is provided. An organic compound having an arylamine skeleton including a fluorine atom or an acridine skeleton including a fluorine atom and an EL device using the organic compound are provided. The EL device preferably includes a hole-injection layer containing the organic compound having an arylamine skeleton including a fluorine atom or an acridine skeleton including a fluorine atom and a substance showing an electron-accepting property with respect to the organic compound.

A compound of Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein: R1 to R5 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a nitrile group, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group including two or more N atoms; Ar2 is hydrogen, deuterium, a nitrile group, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring group; and the other substituents are as defined in the specification; and an organic light emitting device including the same. The device including the compound as a material in an organic material layer exhibits excellent characteristics in terms of efficiency, driving voltage, and/or stability.

A compound of Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein: R1 to R5 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a nitrile group, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group including two or more N atoms; Ar2 is hydrogen, deuterium, a nitrile group, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring group; and the other substituents are as defined in the specification; and an organic light emitting device including the same. The device including the compound as a material in an organic material layer exhibits excellent characteristics in terms of efficiency, driving voltage, and/or stability.

It has been demonstrated that certain compounds bind to TNF and stabilise a conformation of trimeric TNF that binds to the TNF receptor. Accordingly, these compounds can be used as modulators of TNF. Anew assay for identifying compounds with this mechanism of action is also disclosed.

It has been demonstrated that certain compounds bind to TNF and stabilise a conformation of trimeric TNF that binds to the TNF receptor. Accordingly, these compounds can be used as modulators of TNF. Anew assay for identifying compounds with this mechanism of action is also disclosed.

Preparation method for a compound as shown in formula (I) and levo-praziquantel. A racemate of ester of the compound of formula (I) is used as a substrate, and reaction is performed under the catalysis of immobilized lipase to produce the compound of formula (I); a circulating fluidized bed reactor is used, the circulating fluidized bed reactor includes an external circulation system and a reaction column, the immobilized lipase is arranged in the reaction column, the substrate solution is circulated many times between the external circulation system and the reaction column, the reaction is performed in the reaction column. The preparation of levo-praziquantel includes the described preparation steps of the formula (I). The preparation method of formula (I) can significantly improve the utilization rate of enzyme and reduce the use ratio of enzyme/substrate, and has mild reaction conditions, strong stereoselectivity, high reaction efficiency.