A light emitting element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode is provided. The emission layer includes an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. The light emitting element exhibits long lifespan properties.

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Provided is a process for preparation of a compound of Formula 1 ##STR00001##
where, ring Y and ring Z are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently C or N; each R.sup.Y and R.sup.Z independently represents mono to the maximum possible number of substitutions, or no substitution; x=1, 2, or 3; y=0, 1, or 2; and x+y=3. Disclosed is a chemical synthesis process that involves contacting a compound of Formula 2 ##STR00002##
with a compound of Formula 3 ##STR00003##
in an organic solvent to yield a compound of Formula 1 ##STR00004##

The invention relates to a method for producing aqueous preparations of complexes of platinum group metals (PGM) Pt, Pd, Rh and Ir having the general formula [M.sup.A/M.sup.B/M.sup.C (L).sub.a (H.sub.2O).sub.b (O.sup.2−).sub.c(OH.sup.−).sub.d](OH—).sub.e(H.sup.+).sub.f, wherein M.sup.A=Pt.sup.II or Pd.sup.II, M.sup.B=Pt.sup.IV, M.sup.C=Rh or Ir, L is a neutral monodentate or bidentate donor ligand, and a is an integer between 1 and 4 (or 2) and/or between 1 and 6 (or 3), b is an integer between 0 and 3 (or 5), c is an integer between 0 and 3 (or 4), d is an integer between 0 and 3 (or 5), e is an integer between 0 and 2 (or 3 or 4) and f is an integer between 0 and 4 (or 5). In the method according to the invention, the hydroxo complexes H.sub.2P.sub.d(OH).sub.4 (in the case of M.sup.A=Pd.sup.II), H.sub.2Pt(OH).sub.6 (in the case of M.sup.A=Pt.sup.II and M.sup.B=Pt.sup.IV) or H.sub.3M.sup.C(OH).sub.6 (for M.sup.C=Rh.sup.III Ir.sup.III) are converted in the presence of the donor ligands, wherein at least one hydroxo group of the hydro complex is exchanged. Preferably, the reaction occurs at temperatures in the range of 40 to 110° C. with a reaction time of between 2 and 24 hours, wherein, where MA=PtII, the conversion additionally occurs in the presence of a reduction agent. The method optionally further comprises an exchange of OH anions bound outside of the complex sphere with other anions (e.g. hydrogen carbonate or carbonate anions). The aqueous preparations contain PGM complexes such as [Pt(en).sub.2](OH).sub.2, [Pt(EA).sub.4](OH).sub.2 or [Rh(NH.sub.3).sub.6](OH).sub.3 and are used to produce electroplating baths, heterogeneous catalysts or metal powders, for example.

Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst. The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear α-olefins may be prepared with a high yield.

This invention discloses oligosilane compounds. These compounds can be used in OLEDs.

A nanoribbon includes a structure represented by a structural formula (8), where g, p, q, r, s, t, and u are mutually independent and are integers greater than or equal to 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are mutually independent and are one of a hydrogen atom, a substituent, an alkyl moiety, a phenyl moiety, and a halogen atom, and A denotes a hydrogen atom or an aryl group. ##STR00001##

Tridentate platinum, palladium, and gold complexes of Formulas A-I and A-II and tridentate iridium and rhodium compounds of Formulas B-I, B-II, and B-III suitable for delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent or phosphorescent emitters in display and lighting applications.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to methods, compositions, kits, and assay systems for assay signal amplification. Also provided herein is a signal amplification reagent, wherein the signal amplification reagent is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.

A compound including a bidentate ligand L.sub.A comprising a structure of Formula I,

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is disclosed. In Formula I, ring A′ is a 7-, 8-, or 9-membered ring structure; X is of NR.sup.2, O, CR, CRR′, S, or SiRR′; each of R.sup.A′, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 is independently hydrogen or a substituent; R.sup.1′ is independently absent or a hydrogen or a substituent; any two adjacent R.sup.A′, R.sup.1, R.sup.1′, and R.sup.2 can be joined or fused to form a ring; the ligand L.sub.A is coordinated to a metal, which is selected from Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, or Au; and (1) at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is coordinated to the metal M, or (2) at least one R.sup.A′ comprises a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring that is not directly fused to Ring A′ and is coordinated to the metal M, or both (1) and (2) are true. Formulations, devices, and consumer products including the compound are also disclosed.

Provided are compounds capable of functioning as an emitter in an organic light emitting device at room temperature, and the compounds are at least 40% deuterated. Also provided are their uses in OLED related electronic devices.