There is provided herein, processes for synthesizing oligonucleotides using mechanochemical force to induce the formation of internucleotide linkages.

An oligonucleotide having a nucleotide residue or a nucleoside residue represented by formula (I) {wherein X.sup.1 is an oxygen atom or the like, R.sup.1 is formula (IIA) (wherein R.sup.5A is halogen or the like, and R.sup.6A is a hydrogen atom or the like), formula (IVA) (wherein Y.sup.3A is a nitrogen atom or the like, and Y.sup.4A is CH or the like), or the like, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, hydroxy, halogen, or optionally substituted lower alkoxy, and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or the like, or formula (VI) (wherein n2 is 1, 2 or 3)} at the 5′ end thereof, wherein the nucleotide residue or the nucleoside residue binds to an adjacent nucleotide residue through the oxygen atom at position 3, is provided.

##STR00001##

The invention discussed in this application relates to vitamin B12-based compounds that are useful as quantitative standards, particularly for the assessment of vitamin B12 deficiency.

The invention discussed in this application relates to vitamin B12-based compounds that are useful as quantitative standards, particularly for the assessment of vitamin B12 deficiency.

The present invention concerns cobalamin derivatives of formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein X is a ligand having a formula selected from among:
—(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5—S—(CH.sub.2).sub.0-3—CH.sub.3, —S—(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5—NH.sub.2 and

##STR00002##

further wherein R.sub.1 is H, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.2 is

##STR00003##

and R.sub.3 is —H or

##STR00004##

and its use in diseases caused by lack of vitamin B.sub.12 support.

The present invention concerns cobalamin derivatives of formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein X is a ligand having a formula selected from among:
—(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5—S—(CH.sub.2).sub.0-3—CH.sub.3, —S—(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5—NH.sub.2 and

##STR00002##

further wherein R.sub.1 is H, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.2 is

##STR00003##

and R.sub.3 is —H or

##STR00004##

and its use in diseases caused by lack of vitamin B.sub.12 support.

Provided is a silica particle coated with β-cyclodextrin, wherein said cyclodextrin is attached to said silica particle via at least one crosslinking agent and/or at least one copolymer. Also provided are methods of removing contaminants from a flowing or stationary liquid phase comprising the step of contacting said liquid phase with the silica particle coated with β-cyclodextrin.

Provided is a silica particle coated with β-cyclodextrin, wherein said cyclodextrin is attached to said silica particle via at least one crosslinking agent and/or at least one copolymer. Also provided are methods of removing contaminants from a flowing or stationary liquid phase comprising the step of contacting said liquid phase with the silica particle coated with β-cyclodextrin.

The invention relates to a new method of preparation of a polynuclear iron compound stabilized by carbohydrates and/or humic acid or forming a complex with carbohydrates and/or humic acid using a pressure-driven filtration process.

The invention relates to a new method of preparation of a polynuclear iron compound stabilized by carbohydrates and/or humic acid or forming a complex with carbohydrates and/or humic acid using a pressure-driven filtration process.