Described herein are neuroactive steroids of the Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein (II), A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3a, R.sup.4a, R.sup.4b, R.sup.5, R.sup.7a, and R.sup.7b are as defined herein. Such compounds are envisioned, in certain embodiments, to behave as GABA modulators. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and methods of use and treatment, e.g., such for inducing sedation and/or anesthesia.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II):

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pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds to treat or prevent a disease or disorder mediated by FXR and/or TGR5.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula I:

##STR00001##

pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds to treat or prevent a disease or disorder mediated by FXR and/or TGR5.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula I:

##STR00001##

pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds to treat or prevent a disease or disorder mediated by FXR and/or TGR5.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods for the preparation of modulators of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and compositions and uses of the modulators of FXR.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein R is ethyl, propyl or allyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein R is ethyl, propyl or allyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

The present invention relates to methods for attenuating graft-versus-host disease after transplantation of a graft comprising hematopoietic stem cells in a subject. The invention further relates to methods of limiting opportunistic microbial infections in a subject after transplantation of a graft comprising hematopoietic stem cells.

Disclosed are the isolation, purification and analysis of the triterpenoid compositions (including ergostane and lanostane) in the fruiting body of Antrodia cinnamomea using HPLC and NMR, as well as the stereo structures and the amounts of the triterpenoid compositions. The cytotoxicity of triterpenoids is also revealed. Based on the aforementioned techniques, the presence and amounts of ergostane and lanostane in the drugs, healthcare food or other goods are able to be detected.

Disclosed are the isolation, purification and analysis of the triterpenoid compositions (including ergostane and lanostane) in the fruiting body of Antrodia cinnamomea using HPLC and NMR, as well as the stereo structures and the amounts of the triterpenoid compositions. The cytotoxicity of triterpenoids is also revealed. Based on the aforementioned techniques, the presence and amounts of ergostane and lanostane in the drugs, healthcare food or other goods are able to be detected.