A method of making an anti-Markovnikov addition product, comprises reacting an acid with an alkene or alkyne in a dual catalyst reaction system to the exclusion of oxygen to produce said anti-Markovnikov addition product; the dual catalyst reaction system comprising a single electron oxidation catalyst in combination with a hydrogen atom donor catalyst. Dual catalyst composition useful for carrying out such methods are also described.

A method for producing a (meth)acrylic resin composition, the method comprising continuously feeding a polymerizable monomer component comprising 50 to 100% by mass of methyl methacrylate, 0 to 20% by mass of an acrylic acid alkyl ester and 0 to 30% by mass of an additional monomer, a chain transfer agent, and a radical polymerization initiator to a tank reactor; conducting bulk polymerization of the polymerizable monomer component at a polymerization conversion ratio of 40 to 70% by mass to obtain a liquid containing a (meth)acrylic resin; continuously feeding the liquid to a vented extruder to separate a volatile component from the (meth)acrylic resin; continuously feeding the separated volatile component to a distillation column to obtain a fraction containing methyl methacrylate; adding a polymerization inhibitor to the fraction; and reusing the fraction which contains the polymerization inhibitor as part of the polymerizable monomer component.

Disclosed are polymerization initiators as may be utilized for addition of polymers to a substrate surface. The initiators are azo-based initiators that include multi-functionality through addition of multiple anchoring agents to an inner azo group. Disclosed polymerization initiators can be utilized to form high density and high molecular weight polymers on a surface such as a particulate surface. Formed materials can be beneficial in one embodiment in fracking applications, providing composite proppant/polymer materials that can prevent leakage of polymers from a subterranean geologic formation.

A metallocene complex I, II, III and IV, ##STR00001## wherein Y is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group, or a C.sub.6-C.sub.30 aryl or substituted aryl group; L is an electron-donating ligand; A is an element selected from Group 15 or 16; R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl group; n is an integer from 1 to 3; m is an integer from 1 to 4; B is a boron atom; M is selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6; X is an anionic ligand to M and z is the valence of M minus 2; and a catalyst comprising a 2-indenyl metallocene complex, a ligand precursor, a process for preparation of a ligand precursor, a process for preparation of olefin polymers in the presence of 2-indenyl metallocene complexes, articles comprising an olefin polymer, and methods of making the articles.

The invention relates to neodymium-catalyzed polybutadienes (NdBR) comprising >95 wt % of cis-1,4 units and <1 wt % of 1,2-vinyl content, based on the neodymium-catalyzed polybutadiene, wherein the NdBR evinces a molar mass breakdown of not less than 25%.

A process for washing a particulate substance comprising: (i) combining a particulate substance and a first washing medium in a first vessel to form a slurry and washing the particulate substance with said washing medium; (ii) transferring the slurry to a hydrocyclone; (iii) removing a first by-product stream depleted in particulate substance and a first product stream enriched in particulate substance from the hydrocyclone; (iv) transferring the first product stream to a second vessel and in the presence of a second washing medium forming a slurry and washing the particulate substance with said second washing medium e.g. by agitation thereof; (v) transferring the slurry to a hydrocyclone; (vi) removing a second by-product stream depleted in particulate substance and a second product stream enriched in particulate substance from the hydrocyclone.

The present invention provides a preparing method of a polymer which is low-toxic, environmental-friendly, highly controllable, and low cost to obtain a polymer with high molecular weight. The preparing method comprises conducting a controlled radical polymerization process of monomer (Y). In the controlled radical polymerization process, organic compound (A) which has the formula (I) and radical initiator (B) are existing in a mole ratio (B/A) ranged from 0.5 to 25, ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, or hydroxyl group, the alkyl group can be alkyl having substituents or alkyl substituent, and the aryl group can be aryl having substituents or aryl substituent.

A process for precision polymerization is described using a system of a Lewis acid, a Lewis base and a Michael-type monomer that can form a frustrated triple, wherein a Michael-type monomer, optionally dissolved in an organic solvent, is reached with a Lewis acid to form at least one zwitterionic type complex, a Lewis base is added to form a frustrated triple with the zwitterionic type complex which initiates the polymerization reaction, and the reaction is continued to form a polymer.

Catalyst systems having both a metallocene catalyst component and a Ziegler-Natta component are disclosed. Such catalyst systems can contain a metallocene compound, an activator-support, an organoaluminum compound, and a Ziegler-Natta component comprising titanium supported on magnesium chloride.

The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium-based complex compounds which represent viable catalysts, in particular for all sorts of metathesis reactions. Such complex compounds can be prepared by a novel, very favorable and cost efficient method which includes the introduction of an alkylidene ligand into the complex by using vinyl sulfides or vinyl ethers.