An ionic liquid compound includes an azepanium-functionalized cation. An electrochemical cell electrolyte for an electrical energy storage device includes the ionic liquid compound, aprotic organic solvent, alkali metal salt and an additive.

The present invention refers to a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a fire suppressant in form of a mixed salt based on a) at least one mono-, di- and/or tri-carboxylic acid, b) at least one polyphosphoric, pyrophosphoric and/or phosphoric acid, c) a hydroxide or a salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth metal, where a) and c) form a carboxylate and b) and c) form a phosphate and optionally d) a carbonate of an alkali or an alkaline earth metal. The mixed salt have an average particle size in the range of 0.2 to 50 m and a crystalline water content of at least 5% by weight. The mixed salt is present in an amount of 5-70% by weight of the total composition. The polymer composition might further comprise one or more additives.

The present invention refers to a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a fire suppressant in form of a mixed salt based on a) at least one mono-, di- and/or tri-carboxylic acid, b) at least one polyphosphoric, pyrophosphoric and/or phosphoric acid, c) a hydroxide or a salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth metal, where a) and c) form a carboxylate and b) and c) form a phosphate and optionally d) a carbonate of an alkali or an alkaline earth metal. The mixed salt have an average particle size in the range of 0.2 to 50 m and a crystalline water content of at least 5% by weight. The mixed salt is present in an amount of 5-70% by weight of the total composition. The polymer composition might further comprise one or more additives.

A dielectric material, to a device comprising the dielectric material and to use of the dielectric material in the fabrication of a device. One dielectric material may comprise a halogen-based elastomer mixed with a halogen based surfactant and exhibiting electro-mechanical self-healing properties and/or an increased dielectric constant compared to the halogen-based elastomer. Another dielectric material may comprise a halogen-based polymer mixed with a halogen based surfactant and exhibiting an increased dielectric constant compared to the halogen-based polymer.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

There is provided a method for producing a fluoropolymer, the method including polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium to obtain a polymerization dispersion containing the fluoropolymer, and bringing the fluoropolymer in the polymerization dispersion into contact with an alcohol having 3 to 5 carbon atoms to coagulate the fluoropolymer to thereby obtain the fluoropolymer.

The present invention provides a method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion having a significantly small particle size and excellent dispersion stability. The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing at least one fluoropolymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene and melt-fabricable fluororesins excluding polytetrafluoroethylene. The method includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fluorosurfactant and a polymerization initiator. The fluorosurfactant has a concentration in the aqueous medium of not lower than 0.8 times the critical micelle concentration of the fluorosurfactant.