The present invention provides a dual-cure composition containing multifunctional polyols, uretdiones, peroxide curable monomers containing unsaturation and crosslinking agents. The dual-cure composition may be used to form a high modulus material useful as the matrix in a prepreg material and in composites. The present invention also relates to methods for the production of the dual-cure composition, prepreg materials comprising the dual-cure composition and a fibrous support, and composites made from the prepreg material.

A polymer comprising recurring units derived from a polymerizable monomer having two structures of hydroxyphenyl methacrylate having a hydroxy group substituted with an acid labile group is used as base resin in a positive resist composition, especially chemically amplified positive resist composition. The resist composition forms a resist film which is processed by lithography into a pattern of good profile having a high resolution, minimal edge roughness, and etch resistance.

A polymer comprising recurring units derived from a polymerizable monomer having two structures of hydroxyphenyl methacrylate having a hydroxy group substituted with an acid labile group is used as base resin in a positive resist composition, especially chemically amplified positive resist composition. The resist composition forms a resist film which is processed by lithography into a pattern of good profile having a high resolution, minimal edge roughness, and etch resistance.

A Tulipalin A-based hydroxyl-functionalized (hf) polymer is synthesized by converting, via a ring opening reaction, poly(Tulipalin A) or poly(Tulipalin A-co-acrylic) in the presence of a nucleophilic monomer and a catalyst. The nucleophilic monomer may be, for example, a nitrogen-containing monomer such as Dimethylamine. The poly(Tulipalin A) or the poly(Tulipalin A-co-acrylic) may be prepared, for example, via free radical polymerization using an initiator such as AIBN. Any suitable free radically copolymerizable monomer, such as N,N-Dimethylmethacrylamide, may be used in the preparation of the poly(Tulipalin A-co-acrylic). In some embodiments, an engineered material is prepared from the Tulipalin A-based hydroxyl-functionalized polymer using hydroxyl groups present therein as synthetic handles through which a plethora of useful properties can be directly engineered into the material.

A Tulipalin A-based hydroxyl-functionalized (hf) polymer is synthesized by converting, via a ring opening reaction, poly(Tulipalin A) or poly(Tulipalin A-co-acrylic) in the presence of a nucleophilic monomer and a catalyst. The nucleophilic monomer may be, for example, a nitrogen-containing monomer such as Dimethylamine. The poly(Tulipalin A) or the poly(Tulipalin A-co-acrylic) may be prepared, for example, via free radical polymerization using an initiator such as AIBN. Any suitable free radically copolymerizable monomer, such as N,N-Dimethylmethacrylamide, may be used in the preparation of the poly(Tulipalin A-co-acrylic). In some embodiments, an engineered material is prepared from the Tulipalin A-based hydroxyl-functionalized polymer using hydroxyl groups present therein as synthetic handles through which a plethora of useful properties can be directly engineered into the material.

A scaffolding material for culturing a stem cell, which contains a synthetic resin, and has a storage elasticity at 100 C. of 1.010.sup.4 Pa or more and 1.010.sup.8 Pa or less, and a ratio between the storage elasticity at 25 C. and the storage elasticity at 100 C. ((storage elasticity at 25 C.)/(storage elasticity at 100 C.)) of 1.010.sup.1 or more and 1.010.sup.5 or less. The scaffolding material for stem cell culture has suitable hydrophilicity and strength, high fixation of stem cells after seeding, highly efficient cell proliferation, and excellent scratch resistance.

A scaffolding material for culturing a stem cell, which contains a synthetic resin, and has a storage elasticity at 100 C. of 1.010.sup.4 Pa or more and 1.010.sup.8 Pa or less, and a ratio between the storage elasticity at 25 C. and the storage elasticity at 100 C. ((storage elasticity at 25 C.)/(storage elasticity at 100 C.)) of 1.010.sup.1 or more and 1.010.sup.5 or less. The scaffolding material for stem cell culture has suitable hydrophilicity and strength, high fixation of stem cells after seeding, highly efficient cell proliferation, and excellent scratch resistance.

A fluororesin including a residue unit of formula (1) and having a haze value equal to 2% or less of a heat-press molded product (thickness 1 mm) with a small haze value of a melt-molded product and a method for producing the same. ##STR00001##
Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3 and Rf.sub.4 each independently represent one of the groups consisting of a fluorine atom, a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, the perfluoroalkyl group may have an ethereal oxygen atom, Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3 and Rf.sub.4 may be linked to each other to form a ring having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and the ring may include an ethereal oxygen atom.

A fluororesin including a residue unit of formula (1) and having a haze value equal to 2% or less of a heat-press molded product (thickness 1 mm) with a small haze value of a melt-molded product and a method for producing the same. ##STR00001##
Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3 and Rf.sub.4 each independently represent one of the groups consisting of a fluorine atom, a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, the perfluoroalkyl group may have an ethereal oxygen atom, Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3 and Rf.sub.4 may be linked to each other to form a ring having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and the ring may include an ethereal oxygen atom.

A resin composition for forming a structural element such as a flooring panel includes a resin system including: 45-60 wt % of a plant-derived polyfurfuryl alcohol resin; up to 15 wt % of a non-structural filler such as talc or jute fibre; and 35-40 wt % of a glass fibre. 5 A method of making the structural element includes mixing the resin and filler to produce the resin system; laying up multiple layers of the resin system and the glass fibre in a mould; subjecting the mould to an initial heating profile in an initial resin curing step so that the resin system undergoes a condensation reaction and such that substantially all of the water produced in the condensation reaction has been removed, wherein the heating profile comprises a first, an intermediate, and a final temperature. The product is subsequently subjected to a post-curing step comprising a Diels-Alder reaction.