The present invention relates to a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes: an elastic polymer substrate having a first surface processed by a surface modification; and a thermosensitive conductive layer formed on the first surface by performing a co-polymerization process, allowing an electrical current to pass through, and altering a hydrophilicity of a membrane surface in response to a change of a temperature.

Provided herein are coated substrates. Also provided herein are methods for attaching phosphonates, phosphonic acids, or derivatives thereof to an organic or an inorganic substrate (e.g., a metal oxide substrate) via phosphonate chemistry to form the coated substrates provided herein.

Provided herein are coated substrates. Also provided herein are methods for attaching phosphonates, phosphonic acids, or derivatives thereof to an organic or an inorganic substrate (e.g., a metal oxide substrate) via phosphonate chemistry to form the coated substrates provided herein.

Provided are: a surface treatment liquid having a hydrophilization effect that is not easily deteriorated over time even if a surface-treated article is exposed to various agents; and a surface treatment method using the surface treatment liquid. The surface treatment liquid contains a resin (A) and a solvent (S). The resin (A) contains a constituent unit (a1) derived from a betaine monomer comprising a group having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, a cationic group, and an anionic group, and not comprising an ester bond or an amide bond. The cationic group is preferably a quaternary nitrogen cation group, and the anionic group is preferably a sulfonic acid anion group, a phosphonic acid anion group, or a carboxylic acid anion group.

An aqueous dispersion including a polymer having a 2-oxazoline group; and a surfactant, the surfactant containing a sulfuric acid ester compound represented by the following Chemical Formula (S):

R.sup.1—O—(R.sup.2O)nSO.sub.3X  (S)

wherein R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n represents 2 to 15; and X represents a monovalent cation.

An aqueous dispersion including a polymer having a 2-oxazoline group; and a surfactant, the surfactant containing a sulfuric acid ester compound represented by the following Chemical Formula (S):

R.sup.1—O—(R.sup.2O)nSO.sub.3X  (S)

wherein R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n represents 2 to 15; and X represents a monovalent cation.

The present invention relates to a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes: an elastic polymer substrate having a first surface processed by a surface modification; and a thermosensitive conductive layer formed on the first surface by performing a co-polymerization process, allowing an electrical current to pass through, and altering a hydrophilicity of a membrane surface in response to a change of a temperature.

The present invention relates to a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes: an elastic polymer substrate having a first surface processed by a surface modification; and a thermosensitive conductive layer formed on the first surface by performing a co-polymerization process, allowing an electrical current to pass through, and altering a hydrophilicity of a membrane surface in response to a change of a temperature.

Provided is a curable resin composition with which a cured object with low water absorbency and good impact resistance and heat resistance can be formed and which is preferably usable in three-dimensional shaping. The curable resin composition contains: a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate (A); a hydrophilic monofunctional radical-polymerizable compound (B); a hydrophobic monofunctional radical-polymerizable compound (C); rubber particles (D); and a radical polymerization initiator (E), and the content of the rubber particles (D) is 8 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of radical-polymerizable compounds.

Provided is a curable resin composition with which a cured object with low water absorbency and good impact resistance and heat resistance can be formed and which is preferably usable in three-dimensional shaping. The curable resin composition contains: a polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate (A); a hydrophilic monofunctional radical-polymerizable compound (B); a hydrophobic monofunctional radical-polymerizable compound (C); rubber particles (D); and a radical polymerization initiator (E), and the content of the rubber particles (D) is 8 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of radical-polymerizable compounds.