What are described are copolymers formed from (a) at least one monomer M1 of the formula ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1 is an organic radical having a (meth)acryloyl group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1- to C10-alkyl group; and (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated, free-radically copolymerizable monomer M2 other than the monomers M1. What are also described are two-pack adhesives comprising the copolymers and a polyfunctional hardener. The copolymers and the two-pack adhesives can be used as laminating adhesives.

Crosslinked polydithiocarbamates based on 1,3,5-triazinane cores linked to pyrrole-dithiocarbamates via alkyl chains. A process for preparing these crosslinked polydithiocarbamates via a Mannich-type polycondensation of diaminoalkane, paraformaldehyde and a pyrrole compound, which is followed by additional modification of the pyrrole moiety to a pyrrole-dithiocarbamate. A method for removing heavy metals, such as Cd(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater sample with these crosslinked polydithiocarbamates is also described.

A grafted polymer, either polyolefin or polyester, containing monomers associated with sludge and varnish control as well as monomers associated with soot handling to provide a graft polymer exhibiting multiple performance attributes. Also described are methods for manufacturing these novel multiple-function graft polymers via solution and melt processes. Lubricating oil compositions containing these novel multiple-function polymers as an additive that display performance characteristics directed to good soot handling and sludge and varnish control as well as control of viscosity increase are described.

A grafted polymer, either polyolefin or polyester, containing monomers associated with sludge and varnish control as well as monomers associated with soot handling to provide a graft polymer exhibiting multiple performance attributes. Also described are methods for manufacturing these novel multiple-function graft polymers via solution and melt processes. Lubricating oil compositions containing these novel multiple-function polymers as an additive that display performance characteristics directed to good soot handling and sludge and varnish control as well as control of viscosity increase are described.

The use of one or more copolymers as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engines. The copolymer includes at least one repeat unit having an ester of alkyl or alkyl ester function and a repeat unit containing a diazotized hydrocarbon group. Also, specific copolymers including at least one repeat unit having an ester function of alkyl or alkyl ester function and a repeat unit containing a triazotized hydrocarbon group.

The use of one or more copolymers as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engines. The copolymer includes at least one repeat unit having an ester of alkyl or alkyl ester function and a repeat unit containing a diazotized hydrocarbon group. Also, specific copolymers including at least one repeat unit having an ester function of alkyl or alkyl ester function and a repeat unit containing a triazotized hydrocarbon group.

The present invention relates to a sorbent for extracting polar components from a sample where the sorbent comprises a cross-linked polymer comprising nitrogen containing cyclic compounds, for example 1-vinylimidazole and/or 4-vinylpyridine. The invention further relates to a method of producing said sorbent and the use of the sorbent.

A rubber modified vinyl-based graft copolymer of the present invention has a core-shell structure in which a shell is formed by graft-polymerizing a monomer mixture to a core comprising a rubbery polymer, wherein the monomer mixture comprises: an aromatic monomer comprising an -substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer represented by chemical formula 1 and an aromatic vinyl-based monomer excluding the -substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer; a cyanovinyl-based monomer; and a maleimide-based monomer. A thermoplastic resin composition containing the rubber modified vinyl-based graft copolymer has excellent impact resistance, heat resistance, appearance characteristics and the like.

A rubber modified vinyl-based graft copolymer of the present invention has a core-shell structure in which a shell is formed by graft-polymerizing a monomer mixture to a core comprising a rubbery polymer, wherein the monomer mixture comprises: an aromatic monomer comprising an -substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer represented by chemical formula 1 and an aromatic vinyl-based monomer excluding the -substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer; a cyanovinyl-based monomer; and a maleimide-based monomer. A thermoplastic resin composition containing the rubber modified vinyl-based graft copolymer has excellent impact resistance, heat resistance, appearance characteristics and the like.

The present invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional object; according to the present invention, when the three-dimensional object is manufactured by an inkjet method, a support can be removed without damage to a structure body such that the three-dimensional object can be simply and economically manufactured.