Methods, compositions and devices for single molecule sequencing are provided, particularly for solid-state synthesis and processing of expandable polymers (e.g., Xpandomers), as well as methods and compositions for producing new expandable polymer constructs that provide more accurate sequence information when passed through a nanopore sensor.

A diacetylene-based lyotropic liquid crystal mixture according to an embodiment includes by mixing diacetylene-based compounds containing iodide and triiodide Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2. The lyotropic liquid crystal mixture may be prepared by synthesizing an [X]—C—R.sub.m-[D]-R.sub.n compound, synthesizing an [A.sup.+X.sup.−]—C—R.sub.m-D-R.sub.n compound, and synthesizing an [A.sup.+B.sup.−]—C—R.sub.m-D-R.sub.n compound. A thin polarizing film may be prepared through simple coating of a lyotropic liquid crystal mixture prepared by mixing diacetylene-based compounds containing iodide and triiodide.

A diacetylene-based lyotropic liquid crystal mixture according to an embodiment includes by mixing diacetylene-based compounds containing iodide and triiodide Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2. The lyotropic liquid crystal mixture may be prepared by synthesizing an [X]—C—R.sub.m-[D]-R.sub.n compound, synthesizing an [A.sup.+X.sup.−]—C—R.sub.m-D-R.sub.n compound, and synthesizing an [A.sup.+B.sup.−]—C—R.sub.m-D-R.sub.n compound. A thin polarizing film may be prepared through simple coating of a lyotropic liquid crystal mixture prepared by mixing diacetylene-based compounds containing iodide and triiodide.

Disclosed is a mixture containing polymerizable compounds having Formulas (III) and (IV) wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are divalent aromatic hydrocarbon or heteroaromatic ring group having D1 or D2 as a substituent; D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 are C1-C20 organic group having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon ring and heteroaromatic ring; A.sup.11-A.sup.22 and B.sup.11-B.sup.22 are alicyclic or aromatic group which may have a substituent, Y.sup.11-Y.sup.22 and L.sup.11-L.sup.22 are single bond, —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —NR.sup.21—CO—, —CO—NR.sup.22—, —O—CO—O—, —NR.sup.23—CO—O—, —O—CO—NR.sup.24— or —NR.sup.25—CO—NR.sup.26— where R.sup.21—R.sup.26 are hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl group; R.sup.4—R.sup.9 are hydrogen, methyl group or chlorine; one of f and k is integer of 1 to 3 with the other being integer of 0 to 3; g, j, m and q are integer of 1 to 20; and h, i, n and p are 0 or 1. ##STR00001##

Disclosed is a mixture containing polymerizable compounds having Formulas (III) and (IV) wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are divalent aromatic hydrocarbon or heteroaromatic ring group having D1 or D2 as a substituent; D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 are C1-C20 organic group having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon ring and heteroaromatic ring; A.sup.11-A.sup.22 and B.sup.11-B.sup.22 are alicyclic or aromatic group which may have a substituent, Y.sup.11-Y.sup.22 and L.sup.11-L.sup.22 are single bond, —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —NR.sup.21—CO—, —CO—NR.sup.22—, —O—CO—O—, —NR.sup.23—CO—O—, —O—CO—NR.sup.24— or —NR.sup.25—CO—NR.sup.26— where R.sup.21—R.sup.26 are hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl group; R.sup.4—R.sup.9 are hydrogen, methyl group or chlorine; one of f and k is integer of 1 to 3 with the other being integer of 0 to 3; g, j, m and q are integer of 1 to 20; and h, i, n and p are 0 or 1. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a polymer composition which contains (A) a photosensitive side-chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range and has a repeating unit comprising a vertically aligning group, and (B) an organic solvent. The present invention provides: a liquid crystal alignment film which has excellent tilt angle characteristics, while being provided with alignment controllability with high efficiency; a polymer composition which enables the achievement of this liquid crystal alignment film; a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element; and a vertical field switching mode liquid crystal display element.

The present invention relates to a polymer composition which contains (A) a photosensitive side-chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range and has a repeating unit comprising a vertically aligning group, and (B) an organic solvent. The present invention provides: a liquid crystal alignment film which has excellent tilt angle characteristics, while being provided with alignment controllability with high efficiency; a polymer composition which enables the achievement of this liquid crystal alignment film; a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element; and a vertical field switching mode liquid crystal display element.

Disclosed are saturated cyclic monopolymers derived from hexyne, octyne, nonyne, pentadecyne and saturated cyclic copolymers derived from acetylene and a second alkyne monomer that is hexyne, octyne, nonyne, or pentadecyne.

Disclosed are saturated cyclic monopolymers derived from hexyne, octyne, nonyne, pentadecyne and saturated cyclic copolymers derived from acetylene and a second alkyne monomer that is hexyne, octyne, nonyne, or pentadecyne.

A diacetylene-based lyotropic liquid crystal mixture according to an embodiment includes by mixing diacetylene-based compounds containing iodide and triiodide Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2. The lyotropic liquid crystal mixture may be prepared by synthesizing an [X]—C—R.sub.m-[D]-R.sub.n compound, synthesizing an [A.sup.+X.sup.−]—C—R.sub.m-D-R.sub.n compound, and synthesizing an [A.sup.+B.sup.−]—C—R.sub.m-D-R.sub.n compound. A thin polarizing film may be prepared through simple coating of a lyotropic liquid crystal mixture prepared by mixing diacetylene-based compounds containing iodide and triiodide.