To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer excellent in adhesion, processability, mechanical properties, heat resistance and chemical resistance.

A fluorinated elastic copolymer having units based on a monomer (a), units based on a monomer (b) and optionally units based on a monomer (c), which has an iodine atom bonded to a terminal of a molecular chain and the unit based on the monomer (b) adjacent to the iodine atom, and which has a proportion of the units based on the monomer (b) of from 0.09 to 2.0 mol % to all units. Monomer (a): monomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; monomer (b): a monomer having at least one type of functional group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, a hydroxy group, a carbonyl group-containing group and an isocyanate group; monomer (c): a monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene.

To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer excellent in adhesion, processability, mechanical properties, heat resistance and chemical resistance.

A fluorinated elastic copolymer having units based on a monomer (a), units based on a monomer (b) and optionally units based on a monomer (c), which has an iodine atom bonded to a terminal of a molecular chain and the unit based on the monomer (b) adjacent to the iodine atom, and which has a proportion of the units based on the monomer (b) of from 0.09 to 2.0 mol % to all units. Monomer (a): monomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; monomer (b): a monomer having at least one type of functional group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, a hydroxy group, a carbonyl group-containing group and an isocyanate group; monomer (c): a monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene.

A monomer is provided for a thermoset molding compound. The monomer is also polymerized with conventional monomers to form thermoplastic polymers. Graphene oxide is used to chelate metal ions to form a graphene oxide chelate that is coupled to a monomer retaining an aliphatic unsaturation capable of free radical polymerization reaction. Inclusion of a metal ion chelated to the graphene oxide affords control over the conductivity of the resultant article. In some embodiments, the monomer is found polymerized into a resulting article proximal to the article surface.

A monomer is provided for a thermoset molding compound. The monomer is also polymerized with conventional monomers to form thermoplastic polymers. Graphene oxide is used to chelate metal ions to form a graphene oxide chelate that is coupled to a monomer retaining an aliphatic unsaturation capable of free radical polymerization reaction. Inclusion of a metal ion chelated to the graphene oxide affords control over the conductivity of the resultant article. In some embodiments, the monomer is found polymerized into a resulting article proximal to the article surface.

A method of forming a three-dimensional object, wherein said three-dimensional object is a footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, is described. The method may use a polymerizable liquid, or resin, useful for the production by additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from said first component.

An object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin, from which a laminate including a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and a biodegradable resin layer, having little roughness at an adhesive layer interface between the two layers, and excellent in both appearance and adhesiveness can be obtained. The present invention relates to a biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin having an acid value of 2.0 mg.Math.KOH/g to 6.5 mg.Math.KOH/g.

Provided herein is a method of forming a multilayer coating film including coating, onto an object to be coated, a water-based primer coating composition, wet-on-wet coating a first water-based coloring coating composition, wet-on-wet coating a second water-based coloring coating composition, coating a clear coating composition, and simultaneous hardening of the formed multilayer coating film. The water-based primer coating composition contains a water-based polyolefin resin, a water-based polyurethane resin, a curing agent, and conductive carbon. The first and second water-based coloring coating compositions, each, as base resins, contain a core/shell-type emulsion including an acrylic resin core portion and a polyurethane resin shell portion. The clear coating composition contains a hydroxy-group-containing acrylic resin and a polyisocyanate compound.

The present invention relates to a primer coating composition that includes, (a) a (meth)acrylic polymer that includes hydroxyl groups, and which has a Tg of at least 30 C. The primer coating composition further includes, (b) a polyester that includes hydroxyl groups, and which has a weight average molecular weight of less than 3000, and a hydroxyl value of at least 100. The primer coating composition also includes, (c) a crosslinking agent having at least two isocyanate groups. The present invention also relates to a coated article that includes a repaired area that includes a primer coating formed from the primer coating composition of the present invention. The primer coating compositions, in accordance with some embodiments, provide reduced or minimal ringing defects.

The invention provides creep resistant, lubricious and tough PVA-PAAm-hydrogels, creep resistant, lubricious, tough PVA-PAAm-hydrogel-containing compositions, and methods of making the same. The invention also provides methods of implanting or administering the creep resistant, lubricious and tough PVA-PAAm-hydrogels, or the PVA-PAAm-hydrogel-containing compositions to treat a subject in need. Methods of cross-linking pre-solidified or pre-gelled hydrogel particles and making cross-linked PVA-PAAm-hydrogels, and cross-linked PVA-PAAm-hydrogel-containing compositions also are disclosed herein.

The invention provides creep resistant, lubricious and tough PVA-PAAm-hydrogels, creep resistant, lubricious, tough PVA-PAAm-hydrogel-containing compositions, and methods of making the same. The invention also provides methods of implanting or administering the creep resistant, lubricious and tough PVA-PAAm-hydrogels, or the PVA-PAAm-hydrogel-containing compositions to treat a subject in need. Methods of cross-linking pre-solidified or pre-gelled hydrogel particles and making cross-linked PVA-PAAm-hydrogels, and cross-linked PVA-PAAm-hydrogel-containing compositions also are disclosed herein.