A polyphenylene ether includes a repeating unit derived from a phenol of the formula (1), a repeating unit derived from a phenol of the formula (2), and a structural unit derived from a phenol of the formula (3).

The present invention provides: a photochromic curable composition for providing a cured product having excellent durability and appearance; and a cured product (photochromic laminate) having a particularly favorable appearance. A photochromic curable composition according to an embodiment includes: (A1) a first hindered amine compound having at least one reactive group selected from the group consisting of a radically polymerizable group and a group reactive with a radically polymerizable group; (B) a radically polymerizable monomer comprising a polyrotaxane component (B1) having a radically polymerizable group while not having a piperidyl group; and (C) a photochromic compound.

Highly active, recoverable and recyclable transition metal-based metathesis catalysts and their organometallic complexes including dendrimeric complexes are disclosed, including a Ru complex bearing a 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene and styrenyl ether ligand. The heterocyclic ligand significantly enhances the catalytic activity, and the styrenyl ether allows for the easy recovery of the Ru complex. Derivatized catalysts capable of being immobilized on substrate surfaces are also disclosed. The present catalysts can be used to catalyze ring-closing metathesis (RCM), ring-opening (ROM) and cross metatheses (CM) reactions, and promote the efficient formation of various trisubstituted olefins at ambient temperature in high yield.

Highly active, recoverable and recyclable transition metal-based metathesis catalysts and their organometallic complexes including dendrimeric complexes are disclosed, including a Ru complex bearing a 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene and styrenyl ether ligand. The heterocyclic ligand significantly enhances the catalytic activity, and the styrenyl ether allows for the easy recovery of the Ru complex. Derivatized catalysts capable of being immobilized on substrate surfaces are also disclosed. The present catalysts can be used to catalyze ring-closing metathesis (RCM), ring-opening (ROM) and cross metatheses (CM) reactions, and promote the efficient formation of various trisubstituted olefins at ambient temperature in high yield.

A photopolymerizable material contains, as a main polymerization component, a bicarbazole compound represented by structural formula (1). ##STR00001## In structural formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom.

A photopolymerizable material contains, as a main polymerization component, a bicarbazole compound represented by structural formula (1). ##STR00001## In structural formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom.

A curable composition including a compound having a perfluoropolyether group and a curable moiety, and a curable resin and/or a curable monomer, wherein an organic solvent having no radical reactive group is not substantially contained. The curable composition is capable of forming a surface-treating layer that is in a lower clouded state.

Provided is a UV curable composition containing a silicon atom, that allows easy adjustment of the mechanical properties of the molded product obtained by curing, and excellent workability when applied to a substrate, even as a solvent-free type. The UV curable composition comprises: (A) 5 to 95 parts by mass of a compound having one or more acryloxy group in a molecule; and (B) 95 to 5 parts by mass of one or more type of organopolysiloxane without a UV curable functional group selected from (B1) and (B2); (B1) organopolysiloxane having three or more alkenyl groups in one molecule and no UV curable functional groups; (B2) organopolysiloxane having two or more alkenyl groups in one molecule but not having a UV curable functional group. The composition is substantially free of organic solvents, and the viscosity of the entire-composition measured at 25? C. using an E-type viscometer is 500 mPa.Math.s or less.

The present invention provides polymer modified aqueous urea formaldehyde resin (UF resin) binder compositions useful in making a treated glass mat, e.g., for roofing shingles, wherein the polymer modifier is an multistage aqueous emulsion acorn copolymer comprising one protuberant polymer stage containing phosphorous acid groups and one or more other polymer stage comprising an addition copolymer incompatible with the protuberant polymer stage, wherein the multistage aqueous emulsion copolymer has a measured Tg of from 60 to 25 C., or, preferably from 30 to 12 C. and, further wherein the weight ratio of the total of monomers used to make the one or more other polymer stage to the total amount of monomers used to make the protuberant polymer stage ranges from 3:1 to 50:1, or, preferably, from 3:1 to 30:1 or, more preferably, from 3:1 to 20:1, or, even more preferably, from 8:1 to 12:1.

The present invention provides polymer modified aqueous urea formaldehyde resin (UF resin) binder compositions useful in making a treated glass mat, e.g., for roofing shingles, wherein the polymer modifier is an multistage aqueous emulsion acorn copolymer comprising one protuberant polymer stage containing phosphorous acid groups and one or more other polymer stage comprising an addition copolymer incompatible with the protuberant polymer stage, wherein the multistage aqueous emulsion copolymer has a measured Tg of from 60 to 25 C., or, preferably from 30 to 12 C. and, further wherein the weight ratio of the total of monomers used to make the one or more other polymer stage to the total amount of monomers used to make the protuberant polymer stage ranges from 3:1 to 50:1, or, preferably, from 3:1 to 30:1 or, more preferably, from 3:1 to 20:1, or, even more preferably, from 8:1 to 12:1.