Higher throughput in aqueous addition polymerization is made possible by use of an external shell and tube heat exchanger operated in reverse mode, with coolant flowing through the tubes and polymerization mixture flowing through the shell around the tubes.

An intracellular delivery vehicle of which surface is covered by a positive charge, an intracellular delivery complex in which a component or compound desired is loaded in the intracellular delivery vehicle, a temperature-sensitive probe comprising the intracellular delivery complex, and a method for measuring the intracellular temperature by the temperature-sensitive probe are disclosed. The intracellular delivery vehicle is useful on account of its capability of easily delivering the component or compound desired inside the cell without inhibiting cell proliferation.

A random copolymer, a preparation method of the random copolymer, a drilling fluid containing the random copolymer. The random copolymer contains structural unit (A) represented by formula (1), structural unit (B) represented by formula (2), structural unit (C) represented by formula (3), and structural unit (D) represented by formula (4) or (5): ##STR00001##
wherein X is halogen. When the random copolymer is used as a filter loss reducer in a high-calcium drilling fluid, the filter loss of the high-calcium drilling fluid can be reduced.

In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to a centrally-functionalizable living cationic polymer or copolymer having a centrally-substituted tetraene group having the formula ##STR00001##
wherein each R is selected from the group consisting of a polymer or a copolymer, such as a polyisobutylene polymer or a poly(isobutylene-b-styrene) copolymer.

Provided is an ABA block copolymer that can offer a pigment dispersion composition having excellent dispersion stability when used as a pigment dispersant in an aqueous medium. An ABA block copolymer including: an A block containing a structural unit represented by a general formula (1) below and a structural unit derived from a vinyl monomer with an acid group; and a B block containing a structural unit derived from a vinyl monomer with an aromatic ring group or an alicyclic alkyl group, the ABA block copolymer having an acid value of 30 to 250 mgKOH/g. ##STR00001##
In the general formula (1), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.

A non-humidified proton-conductive membrane according to the present invention includes a polymer and a proton-conductive substance. The polymer includes a glassy or crystalline first site having a glass-transition temperature or melting temperature higher than the service temperature of the proton-conductive membrane and a second site capable of forming a noncovalent bond. The proton-conductive substance includes a proton-releasing/binding site capable of noncovalently binding to the second site of the polymer and a proton coordination site capable of coordinating to protons, the proton-releasing/binding site and the proton coordination site being included in different molecules that interact with each other or being included in the same molecule. A proton-conductive mixed phase that includes the second site to which the proton-releasing/binding site of the proton-conductive substance is bound and the proton-conductive substance is lower than the service temperature of the proton-conductive membrane. The amount of the proton-releasing/binding site is excessively large compared with the amount of the second site of the polymer.

The use of a block copolymer of the following structure. Wherein R and R.sup.1 may be the same or different and each independently represents an alkyl or aryl group, X may be hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl group which may be branched or linear and wherein the aromatic ring substituent joined to polymer B is positioned meta or para to the aromatic ring substituent joined to polymer A and, wherein polymer A is a polymer (or copolymer) of ethylene and polymer B is a polymer of monomers selected from vinyl acetate, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 acrylate esters, acrylic acid and mixtures thereof as an additive in polyethylene or polyethylene terephthalate to improve the adhesion between co-extruded layers of the polyethylene and the polyethylene terephthalate and laminated films derived from such use.

##STR00001##

A vinylamide block copolymer kinetic hydrate inhibitor and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The vinylamide block copolymer kinetic hydrate inhibitor has a structural formula as shown in formula I. Through reverse atom transfer radical polymerization, under an anaerobic operating condition, with vinylcaprolactam and acrylamide as monomers, dimethylformamide as a solvent, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, and a transition metal complex composed of a catalyst anhydrous copper chloride and a ligand 2,2-bipyridine as a catalytic system, the method has achieved to catalyze a controllable free radical solution polymerization to obtain a poly(vinylcaprolactam-acrylamide) block copolymer kinetic hydrate inhibitor. The synthesized kinetic hydrate inhibitor has a controllable molecular weight, a narrow molecular weight distribution, and a controllable synthesis process, and exhibits an excellent inhibitory effect.

##STR00001##

Provide is a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution by living radical polymerization.

A polymer manufacturing method comprising a step of performing living radical polymerization using 0.005 to 0.5 parts by mass of an oxygen radical scavenger per 100 parts by mass of a radical polymerizable monomer.

An intracellular delivery vehicle of which surface is covered by a positive charge, an intracellular delivery complex in which a component or compound desired is loaded in the intracellular delivery vehicle, a temperature-sensitive probe comprising the intracellular delivery complex, and a method for measuring the intracellular temperature by the temperature-sensitive probe are disclosed. The intracellular delivery vehicle is useful on account of its capability of easily delivering the component or compound desired inside the cell without inhibiting cell proliferation.