Carbon-linked 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oligomers contain at least one first HMF unit and one second HMF unit. The first and second HMF units are linked by a carbon-carbon bond with involvement of an aromatically bound carbon atom at position 3 or 4 of the furan ring of the first HMF unit. The HMF oligomers may be used as reactive carbonyl compounds in the manufacture of thermally curable resins on the basis of phenolic compounds and/or aminoplastic forming agents as well as in the manufacture of wood composite products.

Self-immolative polymers and compositions comprising such polymers are described. The polymers are copolymers of phthalaldehyde and one or more additional aldehydes and can degrade/decompose upon exposure to a desired stimulus, like light, heat, sound, or chemical trigger. The copolymers can be linear or cyclic, and can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked. Polymer compositions, including multilayered and multiregioned compositions, containing the copolymers are disclosed. These compositions can contain agents such as crosslinking agents, crosslinking catalysts, photocatalysts, theremocatalyts, sensitizers, chemical amplifiers, freezing point depressing agent, photo-response delaying agents, and the like. Methods of making and using the copolymers are also described.

Self-immolative polymers and compositions comprising such polymers are described. The polymers are copolymers of phthalaldehyde and one or more additional aldehydes and can degrade/decompose upon exposure to a desired stimulus, like light, heat, sound, or chemical trigger. The copolymers can be linear or cyclic, and can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked. Polymer compositions, including multilayered and multiregioned compositions, containing the copolymers are disclosed. These compositions can contain agents such as crosslinking agents, crosslinking catalysts, photocatalysts, theremocatalyts, sensitizers, chemical amplifiers, freezing point depressing agent, photo-response delaying agents, and the like. Methods of making and using the copolymers are also described.

An oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument, comprising a dye, an organic solvent and a phenolic compound of the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R is each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is any of an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group, and R.sub.2 is any of a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group. The oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument can form handwriting having excellent water resistance in which no bleeding occurs on written surfaces of various materials with a dye retaining color development.

An oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument, comprising a dye, an organic solvent and a phenolic compound of the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R is each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is any of an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group, and R.sub.2 is any of a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group. The oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument can form handwriting having excellent water resistance in which no bleeding occurs on written surfaces of various materials with a dye retaining color development.

Methods for preparation of a carbon membrane include providing a solution comprising a diacetyl biphenyl monomer and an alkylsulfonic acid. The solution is treated under such conditions that an aldol condensation reaction occurs so as to produce a porous polymer network. The porous polymer network is treated under such conditions that a Scholl reaction occurs.

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: ##STR00001##
where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from CH.sub.2OR, CHO, COOR and H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both H; and R is selected from H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups,
from a compound of formula I: ##STR00002##
the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80 C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: ##STR00001##
where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from CH.sub.2OR, CHO, COOR and H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both H; and R is selected from H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups,
from a compound of formula I: ##STR00002##
the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80 C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.

A drug conjugate is provided herein. The conjugate comprises a protein based recognition-molecule (PBRM) and a polymeric carrier substituted with one or more -L.sup.D-D, the protein based recognition-molecule being connected to the polymeric carrier by L.sup.P. Each occurrence of D is independently a therapeutic agent having a molecular weight 5 kDa. L.sup.D and L.sup.P are linkers connecting the therapeutic agent and PBRM to the polymeric carrier respectively. Also disclosed are polymeric scaffolds useful for conjugating with a PBRM to form a polymer-drug-PBRM conjugate described herein, compositions comprising the conjugates, methods of their preparation, and methods of treating various disorders with the conjugates or their compositions.

A drug conjugate is provided herein. The conjugate comprises a protein based recognition-molecule (PBRM) and a polymeric carrier substituted with one or more -L.sup.D-D, the protein based recognition-molecule being connected to the polymeric carrier by L.sup.P. Each occurrence of D is independently a therapeutic agent having a molecular weight 5 kDa. L.sup.D and L.sup.P are linkers connecting the therapeutic agent and PBRM to the polymeric carrier respectively. Also disclosed are polymeric scaffolds useful for conjugating with a PBRM to form a polymer-drug-PBRM conjugate described herein, compositions comprising the conjugates, methods of their preparation, and methods of treating various disorders with the conjugates or their compositions.