Embodiments of the present invention provides compounds, compositions, and methods for their preparation that provide efficient intramolecular fission, such that local order and strong nearest neighbor coupling is no longer a design constraint. Inventive materials include organic oligomers and polymers designed to exhibit strong intrachain donor-acceptor interactions and provide intramolecular singlet fission, whereby triplet populations can be generated in very high yields of, e.g., 170% or more. The inventive disclosure is directed to polymers of the general formula: [SA-SD]n with a strong electron acceptor (SA), a strong electron donor (SD), and n a positive integer equal to or greater than two; methods for their preparation and monomers used therein, blends, mixtures and formulations containing them; the use of the polymers, blends, mixtures and formulations as semiconductors in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, and to OE and OPV devices comprising these polymers, blends, mixtures or formulations.

An organic photovoltaic device comprises a first electrode, a first carrier transporting layer, an active layer, a second carrier transporting layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode is a transparent electrode. The active layer includes a conjugated polymer material, which includes a structure of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein R0, R0, R0, R0, Y1 and Y2 can be the same or different from each other, and independently selected from one of the following groups and their derivatives: C1-C30 alkyl, C3-C30 branched alkyl, C1-C30 silyl, C2-C30 ester, C1-C30 alkoxy, C1-C30 alkylthio, C1-C30 haloalkyl, C2-C30 olefin, C2-C30 alkyne, C2-C30 carbon chain containing cyano, C1-C30 carbon chain containing nitro, C1-C30 carbon chain containing hydroxyl, C3-C30 carbon chain containing keto, halogen, cyano, and hydrogen. The organic photovoltaic device of the present invention has good power conversion efficiency.

An organic photovoltaic device comprises a first electrode, a first carrier transporting layer, an active layer, a second carrier transporting layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode is a transparent electrode. The active layer includes a conjugated polymer material, which includes a structure of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein R0, R0, R0, R0, Y1 and Y2 can be the same or different from each other, and independently selected from one of the following groups and their derivatives: C1-C30 alkyl, C3-C30 branched alkyl, C1-C30 silyl, C2-C30 ester, C1-C30 alkoxy, C1-C30 alkylthio, C1-C30 haloalkyl, C2-C30 olefin, C2-C30 alkyne, C2-C30 carbon chain containing cyano, C1-C30 carbon chain containing nitro, C1-C30 carbon chain containing hydroxyl, C3-C30 carbon chain containing keto, halogen, cyano, and hydrogen. The organic photovoltaic device of the present invention has good power conversion efficiency.

A polymer includes repeating unit(s) of the formula (I). a, b, c, d, e and f are 0, 1, 2, or 3. Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.1 are independently of each other a group of formula (AR1). Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3, Ar.sup.3, Ar.sup.4 and Ar.sup.4 are independently of each other a group of formula (AR2). The polymer is preferably a co-polymer.

##STR00001##

A polymer includes repeating unit(s) of the formula (I). a, b, c, d, e and f are 0, 1, 2, or 3. Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.1 are independently of each other a group of formula (AR1). Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3, Ar.sup.3, Ar.sup.4 and Ar.sup.4 are independently of each other a group of formula (AR2). The polymer is preferably a co-polymer.

##STR00001##

Provided is a mechanochromic resin by which a stress applied to a material can be visualized in real time, and a mechanochromic luminescent material that is used in the synthesis of the mechanochromic resin. Stress can be visualized in real time by means of a mechanochromic luminescent material represented by formula (1) or formula (2) and a mechanochromic resin obtained by crosslinking the mechanochromic luminescent material. [Chemical formula 1] (In the formula, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each denote a substituent group that inhibits aggregation of the mechanochromic luminescent material represented by formula (1), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be same as or different from each other. Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each denote a polymerizable group, and may be same as or different from each other.) [Chemical formula 2] (In the formula, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each denote a substituent group that inhibits aggregation of the mechanochromic luminescent material represented by formula (2), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be same as or different from each other. Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each denote a polymerizable group, and may be same as or different from each other). ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to polymers comprising a repeating unit of the formula (I) and their use as organic semiconductor in organic devices, especially a diode, an organic field effect transistor and/or a solar cell, or a device containing a diode and/or an organic field effect transistor, and/or a solar cell. The polymers according to the invention have excellent solubility in organic solvents and excellent film-forming properties. In addition, high efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when the polymers according to the invention are used in semiconductor devices or organic photovoltaic (PV) devices (solar cells). ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to polymers comprising a repeating unit of the formula (I) and their use as organic semiconductor in organic devices, especially a diode, an organic field effect transistor and/or a solar cell, or a device containing a diode and/or an organic field effect transistor, and/or a solar cell. The polymers according to the invention have excellent solubility in organic solvents and excellent film-forming properties. In addition, high efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when the polymers according to the invention are used in semiconductor devices or organic photovoltaic (PV) devices (solar cells). ##STR00001##

A light emitting device having an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer and a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode is provided. The first organic layer is a layer containing a compound represented by the formula (T) and a fluorescent compound represented by the formula (B) and the second organic layer is a layer containing a crosslinked body of a crosslink material, wherein the variable groups are as defined in the specification.

##STR00001##

A resist underlayer film-forming composition comprising a polymer having at least one repeating unit of Formula (1), (2), (3), or (4) (omitted), and a solvent, the composition exhibiting a high etching resistance, favorable dry etching rate ratio and optical constant, further forming a film exhibiting a good coatability even to an uneven substrate, providing a small difference in film thickness after embedding and having a planarity and superior hardness, thereby enabling finer substrate processing.