A lubricating composition comprises an oil-soluble poly(2-oxazoline) additive having the repeat unit:

—N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2— where the number of repeat units (n) is an integer between 4 and 1000; where the polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerization terminating group t, and a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl polymerization initiator group (i); and where R.sup.1 comprises a single or a mixture of linear branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl groups having 1-100 carbon atoms, some or all having 12-100 carbon atoms, or of at least one macro-monomeric hydrocarbyl group with more than 50 carbon atoms provided that when the polymer is a homopolymer and R.sup.1 lacks any hetero atoms; (A) i has a molecular weight of less than 250 g/mol, and R.sup.1 has an average number of carbon atoms of 12 to 50; or (B) n is greater than 15.

The polymer may provide the composition, in the form of a lubricant, with friction modifier, and with low impact on lubricant viscosity.

The polymer may be a homopolymer, a block copolymer or a star polymer.

Disclosed are epoxy resins exhibiting a highly favorable combination of tensile strength and elongation with respect to prior art epoxy systems. The elastomeric epoxy resin systems of the invention are prepared utilizing a curing agent containing at least one monoprimary amine, and are particularly useful in applications such as, for example, castings, potting, composites, crack sealing, coatings, adhesives, roofing materials, flooring or reinforced membranes.

Described herein are methods of lowering the endotoxin content from a polyanionic polymer conjugate. In particular, methods of reducing the endotoxin content from a polyanionic polymer conjugate that can be useful for a variety of drug delivery applications are described herein.

Synthesizing poly(alkoxyamine amide)s, which have a monomer chain with at least one thermolabile bond between monomers from an acid monomer of a monohalogenated carboxylic acid X—C(R,R′)—Y—COOH and an amine monomer having a free terminal free-radical nitroxide group >N—O.sup.∘ and a free terminal primary amine —NH.sup.2. The synthesis involves two separate and chemically selective chemical reactions. One reacts the —COOH and —NH.sub.2 groups to obtain an amide bond —NH—CO—Y—C(R, R′)—, and the other reacts the —Y—C(R, R′).sup.∘ free-radical with the nitroxide function >N—O.sup.∘ in order to obtain an alkoxyamine bond —Y—C(R, R′)—O—N<. The chemical reactions are performed in alternating fashion with catalysts and a novel halogenated acid monomer X—C(R,R′)—Y—COOH or a novel free-radical amine monomer having a free terminal group >N—O.sup.∘ and a free terminal primary amine —NH.sub.2, until a complete copolymer chain is obtained. Also the polymers obtained and the uses thereof.

Synthesizing poly(alkoxyamine amide)s, which have a monomer chain with at least one thermolabile bond between monomers from an acid monomer of a monohalogenated carboxylic acid X—C(R,R′)—Y—COOH and an amine monomer having a free terminal free-radical nitroxide group >N—O.sup.∘ and a free terminal primary amine —NH.sup.2. The synthesis involves two separate and chemically selective chemical reactions. One reacts the —COOH and —NH.sub.2 groups to obtain an amide bond —NH—CO—Y—C(R, R′)—, and the other reacts the —Y—C(R, R′).sup.∘ free-radical with the nitroxide function >N—O.sup.∘ in order to obtain an alkoxyamine bond —Y—C(R, R′)—O—N<. The chemical reactions are performed in alternating fashion with catalysts and a novel halogenated acid monomer X—C(R,R′)—Y—COOH or a novel free-radical amine monomer having a free terminal group >N—O.sup.∘ and a free terminal primary amine —NH.sub.2, until a complete copolymer chain is obtained. Also the polymers obtained and the uses thereof.

This invention relates to a process for preparing succinic acid and succinate ester from a succinic acid salt in fermentation broth. In the first stage of this invention, renewable carbon resources are utilized to produce succinic acid through biological fermentation. The succinic acid salt in the fermentation process is subjected to double displacement reaction with a strong acid leading to release of succinic acid. Succinic acid is recovered by fractional crystallization integrated with simulated moving bed chromatography to produce succinic acid and succinate ester.

This invention relates to a process for preparing succinic acid and succinate ester from a succinic acid salt in fermentation broth. In the first stage of this invention, renewable carbon resources are utilized to produce succinic acid through biological fermentation. The succinic acid salt in the fermentation process is subjected to double displacement reaction with a strong acid leading to release of succinic acid. Succinic acid is recovered by fractional crystallization integrated with simulated moving bed chromatography to produce succinic acid and succinate ester.

The invention relates to a fatty amide, which is based on: a) a diamine selected from aromatic or cycloaliphatic or linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 aliphatic diamines, b) a C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 lactam or amino acid, c) optionally, a second primary diamine different from said diamine a), d) a hydroxylated fatty monoacid, e) optionally, a nonhydroxylated monoacid chosen from linear C.sub.6 to C.sub.12 aliphatic acids,
with a mole ratio b/(a+c) of 0.25 to 3/1. The invention also covers a process for the preparation of said amide and its use as organogelator or rheology additive in an organic solvent medium, in particular in coating, glue or adhesive, mastic, sealant or stripping agent compositions or molding or cosmetic compositions.

The invention relates to a fatty amide, which is based on: a) a diamine selected from aromatic or cycloaliphatic or linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 aliphatic diamines, b) a C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 lactam or amino acid, c) optionally, a second primary diamine different from said diamine a), d) a hydroxylated fatty monoacid, e) optionally, a nonhydroxylated monoacid chosen from linear C.sub.6 to C.sub.12 aliphatic acids,
with a mole ratio b/(a+c) of 0.25 to 3/1. The invention also covers a process for the preparation of said amide and its use as organogelator or rheology additive in an organic solvent medium, in particular in coating, glue or adhesive, mastic, sealant or stripping agent compositions or molding or cosmetic compositions.

A functional polymer including at least two different types of side chains, having the general formula (1),

##STR00001##

wherein A is an at least monosubstituted alkylene or arylene group; B is an amide, ester or ether group and n is 0 or 1; F is selected from: an ester, secondary amine, amide, ether, thio ether, thio ester, and may be the same or different for the different side chains; D is a side chain intended to reversible bind to a substrate or has a coating function; E is a side chain intended to irreversible bind to a substrate, the side chain E and polymer includes 1 to 10 different side chains D and 1 to 10 different side chains E, but at least one of each, and includes a plurality of each type, whereby the different types of side chains are randomly or regularly distributed in the polymer.