Vents and micro-structures of rubber molds may become clogged with rubber that is difficult to remove. These vents and micro-structures can be cleaned of rubber, even if heat aged, by subjecting the mold to high temperatures in the presence of a solvent to devulcanize any rubber present. If the rubber used with the mold being cleaned includes carbon black, a solvent may be used to dissolve the devulcanized polymer, leaving the carbon black which can be removed by water jets or other cleaning means.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

An aliphatic epoxy-terminated polysulfide polymer has the formula RCHOHCH2-SR(Sy-R)t-SCH2-CHOHR and is formed by a process, where each R is independently chosen from branched alkanediyl or branched arenediyl groups and groups with the structure (CH2)a-O(CH2)b-O(CH2)c- and about 0 to about 20% of the number of R-groups are branched alkanediyl or branched arenediyl groups and about 80 to about 100% of the number of R-groups have the structure (CH2)a-O(CH2)b-O(CH2)c-, where t is from about 1 to about 60, y is an average value of from about 1.0 to about 2.5, b is an integer value of from about 1 to about 8, and a and c are independently integers from about 1 to about 10, and where each R is independently a particular radical where, m, n, o, p, q and r independently have a value of from about 1 to about 10.

Polymers having mechanical properties approaching or exceeding commercial elastomers and engineering thermoplastics, but improved biostability, are described herein. In one embodiment, the polymers have a hard segment containing one or more disulfoxide or disulfone moieties and a soft segment connected to the hard segment to form an elastomeric polymer. The polymer is resistant to oxidation and/or hydrolytic degradation, particularly in vivo, which allows for the use of these materials in implants/devices which are implanted for an extended period of time. The ratio or percentage by weight of soft segment to hard segment can be varied based on the physical and mechanical properties of the desired device.

The present invention provides a continuous polymerization apparatus capable of simply and efficiently separating a polymer and solid matter from a reaction mixture while having an apparatus configuration conducive to washing and maintenance, and a continuous production method for a polymer. A continuous polymerization apparatus (100) includes a plurality of reaction vessels (1a to 1c), wherein the plurality of reaction vessels are configured such that reaction mixtures (9a to 9c) successively move through each reaction vessel; in the plurality of reaction vessels, gas phase parts formed above the reaction mixture communicate with one another; and the continuous polymerization apparatus includes a washing part (5), the washing part configured to separate a solid included in the reaction mixture by sedimentation and to perform countercurrent washing.

Provided are a continuous production method and a continuous production apparatus utilizing the solution polycondensation for aromatic cyclic oligomers, which achieve a good space-time yield and are inexpensive and simple. The continuous production method includes: (a) supplying a polymerization solvent and a reaction raw material to a continuous production apparatus; (b) performing a polymerization reaction in the reaction vessels to form a reaction mixture; (c) removing water in gas phase parts of the reaction vessels from the reaction vessels; and (d) successively moving the reaction mixture to each of the reaction vessels; the steps (a), (b), (c), and (d) being performed in parallel; wherein an amount of the polymerization solvent in the reaction vessel positioned furthest downstream in a movement direction of the reaction mixture is not less than 1 L and not greater than 50 L per 1 mol of arylene units in the reaction raw material.

The present disclosure provides endosomal disruptors, which are useful for facilitating delivery of a macromolecule to the cytoplasm of a cell. The present disclosure provides compositions comprising an endosomal disruptor and a macromolecule. The present disclosure provides methods of delivering a macromolecule to the cytoplasm of a cell.

A resin for forming an insulating film includes at least one of a modified polyamide-imide having a terminal OH group or a terminal SH group and a modified polyimide having a terminal OH group or a terminal SH group. A varnish includes the resin for forming an insulating film and a solvent. An electrodeposition dispersion includes the resin for forming an insulating film, a polar solvent, water, a poor solvent, and a base. A method for producing an insulated conductor includes: a step of applying the varnish or electrodepositing the electrodeposition dispersion to a surface of a conductor to form a coating layer or an electrodeposition layer on the surface of the conductor; and a step of heating the coating layer or the electrodeposition layer to produce an insulating film and bake the insulating film on the conductor.

A polyarylene sulfide copolymer has a glass transition temperature of 95 C. or higher and 190 C. or lower and has a melting point of 300 C. or lower or does not have a melting point, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and the copolymer containing as a structural unit arylene sulfide units having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1,000 or more and 10,000 or less. The polyarylene sulfide copolymer can be provided with high physical stability such as in rigidity at high temperature and excellent moldability and chemical resistance.

Degradable sulfur-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises initiating a reaction of a mercaptocyclotriazine compound and a binary olefin by ultraviolet light to prepare a mercapto hyperbranched polymer; then reacting with glycidyl methacrylate to obtain a degradable sulfur-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin of which the molecular weight is about 3,000-35,400 g/mol. After the degradable sulfur-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is cured, a cyclotriazine structure can be completely degraded within 1.5 h in a phosphoric acid solution at the temperature of 80 DEG C, thus realizing the recycle of the epoxy resin. The invention is simple in process, low in reaction temperature, rapid in reaction and high in yield, the sulfur-containing structure lowers curing temperature and realizes rapid curing, and cyclotriazine structure has a degradation function, and is expected to be used in the fields of strengthening and toughening of the epoxy resins, solvent-free coatings, electronic packaging.