An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization. The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

A reinforcing sheet including one or more layers of a reinforcing material, and a thermosetting adhesive associated with the reinforcing material, wherein the thermosetting adhesive includes a curing agent, and an epoxy-modified dimerized fatty acid combined with an epoxy terminated polyurethane interpenetrating network.

The present disclosure relates to compositions including a core moiety and a plurality of polymeric units, in which at least one of these can include an ionizable moiety or an ionic moiety. Materials, devices, and methods using such compositions are also described.

Provided are polymer compositions made by a process comprising: (a) providing a first reactive composition containing: (i) a polymerization initiator that is capable, upon a first activation, of forming two or more free radical groups, at least one of which is further activatable by subsequent activation; (ii) one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds; and (iii) a crosslinker; (b) subjecting the first reactive composition to a first activation step such that the first reactive composition polymerizes therein to form a crosslinked substrate network containing a covalently bound activatable free radical initiator; (c) contacting the crosslinked substrate network with a grafting composition containing one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds, wherein the contacting is conducted under conditions such that the grafting composition penetrates into the crosslinked substrate network; and (d) activating the covalently bound activatable free radical initiator at one or more selective regions of the crosslinked substrate network such that the grafting composition polymerizes with the crosslinked substrate network at the selective regions.

An example of a flow cell includes a substrate and a cured, patterned resin on the substrate. The cured, patterned resin has nano-depressions separated by interstitial regions. Each nano-depression has a largest opening dimension ranging from about 10 nm to about 1000 nm. The cured, patterned resin also includes an interpenetrating polymer network. The interpenetrating polymer network of the cured, patterned resin includes an epoxy-based polymer and a (meth)acryloyl-based polymer.

A reinforcing sheet including one or more layers of a reinforcing material, and a thermosetting adhesive associated with the reinforcing material, wherein the thermosetting adhesive includes a curing agent, and an epoxy-modified dimerized fatty acid combined with an epoxy terminated polyurethane interpenetrating network.

A fabrication method and application of topological elastomers with highly branched structures, low modulus and high elasticity. The topological elastomers comprise dendritic macromolecules. The fabrication method includes direct crosslinking, post-crosslinking, grafting, and copolymerization. The performance of the elastomer can be easily tuned via changing the topology of the polymer network. The breakthrough of this invention lies in that these topological elastomers with highly branched structures are having low modulus and high elasticity, which would expand its application in the field of elastomer. Notably, the variety of topological elastomers, the versatility of curing chemistries, the availability of a wide variety of monomers, and the various polymerization methods are enabling the fabrication of topological elastomers with feasibility and efficiency.

A reinforcing sheet including one or more layers of a reinforcing material, and a thermosetting adhesive associated with the reinforcing material, wherein the thermosetting adhesive includes a curing agent, and an epoxy-modified dimerized fatty acid combined with an epoxy terminated polyurethane interpenetrating network.

A thermoplastic polymer film comprising a multilayer film having an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) layer and a polymer layer is provided. The multilayer thermoplastic polymer film may possess beneficial and desirable properties useful in protecting surfaces from harmful environmental conditions or elements, such as for example, stain and scratch resistance as well as high gloss. Methods of making the multilayer film with interpenetrating polymer network are also provided.