A process for producing a fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is disclosed. The process includes obtaining a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass, pretreating a slurry containing the lignocellulosic feedstock, sulfur dioxide, and optionally a bisulfite salt, at temperatures between 110° C. and 160° C. for at least 30 minutes. The pretreatment includes subjecting the slurry to a pH adjustment, which includes adding alkali to the slurry, removing lignosulfonic acid from the slurry, or a combination thereof.

A process for producing a fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is disclosed. The process includes obtaining a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass, pretreating a slurry containing the lignocellulosic feedstock, sulfur dioxide, and optionally a bisulfite salt, at temperatures between 110° C. and 160° C. for at least 30 minutes. The pretreatment includes subjecting the slurry to a pH adjustment, which includes adding alkali to the slurry, removing lignosulfonic acid from the slurry, or a combination thereof.

The disclosure relates to a process for converting lignocellulosic feedstock (10) to renewable product (80), wherein the process comprises the following steps; treating (100) lignocellulosic feedstock (10) with aqueous solution (20) to obtain a mixture (30); heating (110) the mixture (30) of step (a) to a temperature between 290 and 340° C., under a pressure from 90 to 120 bar, to obtain a first product mix (40); separating aqueous phase (53) and oil phase (50), and optionally gas (51) and solids (52), of the first product mix (40) of step (b); and heating (130) the oil phase (50) of step (c) and solvent (60). The heating (130) is optionally followed by fractionation (200) to obtain a light fraction (90) and a heavy fraction (91) and optionally a bottom residue fraction (92) and/or a gaseous fraction.

Provided are dried cellulose fibers that are satisfactory dispersible in a resin when the cellulose fibers are mixed with the resin and can improve physical properties such as tensile elastic modulus and tensile strength of a resin composite, a cellulose fiber-resin composite including the cellulose fibers, and a molded article. The dried cellulose fibers include cellulose fibers, the cellulose fiber-resin composite includes the dried cellulose fibers, and the molded article is formed from the cellulose fiber-resin composite. The cellulose fibers have an average fiber diameter of 0.1 μm more and 20 μm or less and have a hemicellulose content of 50% or less in constituent sugar components. The dried cellulose fibers have a water content of 10% by mass or less.

A transparent wood comprising at least one polymer and a wood substrate comprising more than 15% lignin, measured as Klason lignin, and having an optical transmittance of at least 60%, as well as a method for its preparation.

A process for producing a lignocellulose-containing, plastic-coated and printable molding (26), in particular in sheet form, comprising the steps of: a) producing a layer (A, B′) containing lignocellulose-containing particles according to the shape of the molding to be produced (26); b) applying a layer (C) of particles containing electron beam-reactive thermoplastic onto the layer produced according to the preceding feature; c) heating the layers (A, C) produced according to the preceding features such that thermoplastic particles melt into the layer containing lignocellulose-containing particles (Cs); d) pressing the layers heated according to feature (1c); and e) irradiating the layers pressed according to feature (1d) with electrons in the energy range from 1 MeV to 10 MeV. The process is for example elucidated with reference to an MDF sheet one-sidedly provided with a polymer layer.

A process for producing a lignocellulose-containing, plastic-coated and printable molding (26), in particular in sheet form, comprising the steps of: a) producing a layer (A, B′) containing lignocellulose-containing particles according to the shape of the molding to be produced (26); b) applying a layer (C) of particles containing electron beam-reactive thermoplastic onto the layer produced according to the preceding feature; c) heating the layers (A, C) produced according to the preceding features such that thermoplastic particles melt into the layer containing lignocellulose-containing particles (Cs); d) pressing the layers heated according to feature (1c); and e) irradiating the layers pressed according to feature (1d) with electrons in the energy range from 1 MeV to 10 MeV. The process is for example elucidated with reference to an MDF sheet one-sidedly provided with a polymer layer.

A fibrous cellulose-containing material capable of significantly improving resin strength and a method of preparation thereof, as well as a fibrous cellulose composite resin excellent in strength. The fibrous cellulose-containing material contains fibrous cellulose which is a carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose having hydroxyl groups, part or all of which are substituted with carbamate groups, and having an average fiber width of not smaller than 0.1 μm, and contains powder that is non-interactive with the fibrous cellulose. The fibrous cellulose composite resin contains fibrous cellulose which is the above-mentioned fibrous cellulose-containing material, and part or all of the resin is powdered resin. The method for preparing a fibrous cellulose-containing material includes adding at least either of powder that is non-interactive with fibrous cellulose and a dispersion thereof, to a dispersion of carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose to obtain a mixed liquid, and removing the dispersion medium from the mixed liquid.

A resin system and methods of making resin system wherein lignosulfonate is added to urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives. Lignosulfonate is added to the resins which improves the performance characteristics of the adhesive while reducing environmental impact by consuming byproducts from other industrial processes. The resin system includes a urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin or melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), prepared in at least two stages wherein the UF resin or MUF resin has a molar ratio (MR) of total moles formaldehyde to total moles urea plus, if present, the one or more melamine compounds of from about 0.25:1 to about 2.50:1, and wherein one or more lignosulfonate compounds are included in an amount of from about 0.1-30 wt. %, based on a total weight of the resin system, and wherein the resin system has a buffer capacity of 2-400 mL of 0.1 N HCl by the ATV Method for a period of time of at least about 20 days at 25° C.

A resin system and methods of making resin system wherein lignosulfonate is added to urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives. Lignosulfonate is added to the resins which improves the performance characteristics of the adhesive while reducing environmental impact by consuming byproducts from other industrial processes. The resin system includes a urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin or melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), prepared in at least two stages wherein the UF resin or MUF resin has a molar ratio (MR) of total moles formaldehyde to total moles urea plus, if present, the one or more melamine compounds of from about 0.25:1 to about 2.50:1, and wherein one or more lignosulfonate compounds are included in an amount of from about 0.1-30 wt. %, based on a total weight of the resin system, and wherein the resin system has a buffer capacity of 2-400 mL of 0.1 N HCl by the ATV Method for a period of time of at least about 20 days at 25° C.