Provided is a method for forming a carbon film having a uniform thickness at low cost with ease.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a carbon film in which a film having carbon as a main component is formed on a support 2 having a predetermined shape, in which the support 2 made of a hydrophilic material is disposed on a base 4 made of a hydrophobic material and a coating liquid 1 obtained by dispersing a carbon material in a polar solvent is supplied onto the support 2 and then dried. Alternatively, the support 2 made of an oleophilic material is disposed on a base 4 made of an oleophobic material and a coating liquid 1 obtained by dispersing a carbon material in a non-polar solvent is supplied onto the support 2 and then dried.

The present invention provides multifunctional particulates that release one or more functional compounds in response to environmental triggers and whose external surface modification imparts secondary functionalities to a selected coating composition. For example, disclosed are hydrophobic particles having a smart release mechanism for anticorrosion compounds that release the anticorrosion compounds upon exposure to the local pH changes induced by corrosion processes. Formulations are disclosed for multifunctional smart particles having antimicrobial effects and protections as well.

The present disclosure provides for improved material surface modification. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of surface modifying a material, the method comprising the steps of (1) oxidizing the material such that the oxidation level of the surface of the material is in a specific numerical range when measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), (2) (A) grafting the oxidized material and/or (B) coating the oxidized material with a hydrophilic polymer. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a fiber composite material in which the fiber material is contained within the second material, the method comprising the steps of (1) oxidizing at least one of the fiber material and the second material, (2) interface adhering or bonding the fiber material and the second material after the oxidizing step (3) melting the second material to obtain the fiber composite material.

A method for producing a semiconductor treatment liquid used for treating a resin having an ether bond, the method comprising: heating a phosphoric acid-containing solution to 100? C. or higher and 400? C. or lower to produce a heated solution; cooling the heated solution to 5? C. or higher and 95? C. or lower to produce a cooled solution; and mixing the cooled solution with at least one selected from the group consisting of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and an aqueous nitric acid solution.

The present invention relates to a process for treating a polyamide-based material comprising silica fibers and/or fillers, by impregnation with at least one hydrophobic additive in supercritical CO.sub.2. The invention also relates to a polyamide-based material comprising silica fibers and/or fillers and impregnated with at least one hydrophobic additive, obtained via such a process, and to the use thereof as an electrically insulating component in an electrical device, in particular in a circuit breaker.

To provide a piezoelectric body film that can suppress decrease in the piezoelectric constant d31, a method of producing a piezoelectric body film, and a piezoelectric body device. A piezoelectric body film comprising a fluororesin as a piezoelectric material, the fluororesin containing, as a main constituent unit, a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride, a piezoelectric constant d31 of the piezoelectric body film being 20 pC/N or greater, and an extrapolated onset temperature at start of shrinkage determined by TMA measurement being not lower than 90? C. and not higher than 115? C. The difference between piezoelectric constants d31 measured before and after heating the piezoelectric body film at 100? C. for 24 hours relative to the piezoelectric constant d31 before the heating for 24 hours is 20% or less.

The present invention provides a new method by which polymers can be modified. The present invention provides a method for modifying a polymer including the step of: irradiating a reaction system containing a polymer with light to react the reaction system in a presence of a compound radical, wherein the compound radical is a radical containing one element selected from the group consisting of Group 15 elements and Group 16 elements, and a Group 17 element.

An embodiment relates to a polyester resin, which not only has a low heat of crystallization and is excellent in calendering processability, but is also economical and environmentally friendly, and to a process for preparing the same. In addition, another embodiment relates to a process for preparing a copolymerized polyester film by a calendering process using the polyester resin, which film is economical, environmentally friendly, and excellent in surface hardness, UV resistance, and so on, and to a film prepared thereby. Furthermore, still another embodiment relates to a polyester resin composition for calendering, which has a low heat of crystallization and is excellent in calendering processability, and to a process for preparing a polyester film using the same, which is economical, environmentally friendly, and excellent in surface hardness, chemical resistance, and so on.

The invention generally relates to articles and methods of making thereof. More specifically, the invention generally relates to articles comprising a substrate embedded with particles, and having at least one etched surface exposing at least a portion of particles. Methods of making these articles are also disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The invention generally relates to articles and methods of making thereof. More specifically, the invention generally relates to articles comprising a substrate embedded with particles, and having at least one etched surface exposing at least a portion of particles. Methods of making these articles are also disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.