A photonic crystal film, a method for manufacturing the photonic crystal film, and an anti-forgery article comprising the photonic crystal film are disclosed. The photonic crystal film includes a polyurethane-based polymer matrix and colloidal particles dispersed in the polyurethane-based polymer matrix and arranged in a crystal lattice structure. The colloidal particles includes one or more selected from metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, and carbon structure nanoparticles.

The method of covalently bonding carbon nanotubes to substrates is provided. The method comprises functionalizing a substrate and each open-end of a plurality of open-ended carbon nanotubes, embedding each of the plurality of open-ended carbon nanotubes within respective polymers, aligning, orthogonally, the plurality of open-ended carbon nanotubes relative to the substrate, and applying pressure on each of the plurality of open-ended carbon nanotubes relative to the substrate for enabling covalent bonding of each of the plurality of open-ended carbon nanotubes to the substrate.

Low density polishing pads and methods of fabricating low density polishing pads are described. In an example, a polishing pad for polishing a substrate includes a polishing body having a density approximately in the range of 0.4-0.55 g/cc. The polishing body includes a thermoset polyurethane material and a plurality of closed cell pores dispersed in the thermoset polyurethane material. Each of the plurality of closed cell pores has a shell composed of an acrylic co-polymer.

A method of preparing a superabsorbent polymer sheet by polymerization of monomers in the presence of an encapsulated foaming agent and an inorganic foaming agent is provided. According to the method of preparing the superabsorbent polymer sheet of the present invention, a porous and flexible superabsorbent polymer sheet may be prepared.

A method for dielectrically heating foamable composition to foam and set the composition is described. In particular, radio frequency (RF) heating is used to heat the foamable composition to provide insulation in the manufacture of an article.

Provided is a conductive composition for molded film that enables production of a molded film for which tensile force-induced reductions in conductivity are suppressed. The conductive composition for molded film contains a resin (A), conductive fine particles (B), and a solvent (C), wherein the solvent (C) contains, in 100 parts by mass of the solvent (C), at least 40 parts by mass of a solvent (C) that satisfies the following condition (1) and condition (2). (1) A boiling point of 180 C. to 270 C. (2) At least one of the following is satisfied: the polar parameter p of the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) is 0p5.0, and the hydrogen-bond parameter h of the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) is 9.8h4.0.

Described herein are cationic polymers having a plurality of quaternary amino groups, methods of making such polymers, and uses of such polymers as ion exchange membranes in electrochemical devices.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for making a hydrogel comprising a cell, cell nucleus, or one or more components derived from a cell or cell nucleus. A method for making a hydrogel may comprise providing a cell or cell nucleus, a first polymer, wherein the first polymer comprises a plurality of first crosslink precursors, each of the plurality of first crosslink precursors comprising an azide group; providing a second polymer, wherein the second polymer comprises a plurality of second crosslink precursors, each of the plurality of second crosslink precursors comprising an alkyne group; and crosslinking the first polymer and the second polymer via a reaction between a first section of the first crosslink precursors and a second section of the second crosslink precursors, thereby providing the hydrogel comprising the cell or cell nucleus.

A composite foam is provided having silica aerogel particles dispersed in a closed cell polymeric foam. The silica aerogel particles are included in a volume fraction between 2 and 60%, and the composite foam has a thermal conductivity of 40 kW/mK or less and a density of 60 kg/m.sup.3 or less. In another embodiment, a composite foam is provided having a perforated closed cell polymeric foam and 2-60% hydrophobic silica aerogel particles by volume with a particle size distribution of 1 to 50 m, where the composite foam has a thermal conductivity of 30 kW/mK or less, a density of 20-45 kg/m.sup.3, and an air permeability of 20-40 cubic feet per minute.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for making a hydrogel comprising a cell, cell nucleus, or one or more components derived from a cell or cell nucleus. A method for making a hydrogel may comprise providing a cell or cell nucleus, a first polymer, wherein the first polymer comprises a plurality of first crosslink precursors, each of the plurality of first crosslink precursors comprising an azide group; providing a second polymer, wherein the second polymer comprises a plurality of second crosslink precursors, each of the plurality of second crosslink precursors comprising an alkyne group; and crosslinking the first polymer and the second polymer via a reaction between a first section of the first crosslink precursors and a second section of the second crosslink precursors, thereby providing the hydrogel comprising the cell or cell nucleus.