A holding material for a pollution control element which can sufficiently suppress scattering of inorganic fibers when the pollution control element is assembled in a casing, and which has a sufficiently high coefficient of friction. The holding material includes: a sheet-like main body made of first inorganic fibers having a minor axis in the range of from about 3 to 10 m; and a surface layer which is provided on at least one surface of the main body and contains second inorganic fibers having a minor axis in the range of from about 1 to 15 nm.

A composite foam is provided having silica aerogel particles dispersed in a closed cell polymeric foam. The silica aerogel particles are included in a volume fraction between 2 and 60%, and the composite foam has a thermal conductivity of 40 kW/mK or less and a density of 60 kg/m.sup.3 or less. In another embodiment, a composite foam is provided having a perforated closed cell polymeric foam and 2-60% hydrophobic silica aerogel particles by volume with a particle size distribution of 1 to 50 m, where the composite foam has a thermal conductivity of 30 kW/mK or less, a density of 20-45 kg/m.sup.3, and an air permeability of 20-40 cubic feet per minute.

The present disclosure envisages a coating composition. The coating composition comprises a polymeric emulsion, silane functionalized fibres and a fluid medium. The silane functionalized fibres are present in an amount in the range of 0.05 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the coating composition. The polymeric emulsion is present in an amount in the range of 20 wt. % to 60 wt. % of the coating composition. The fluid medium is present in an amount in the range of 5 wt. % to 40 wt. % of the coating composition. The silane functionalized fibre comprises at least one polymer bonded to at least one silane group. The coating composition of the present disclosure exhibit improved properties such as better coverage when applied on a surface, mechanical properties, stain resistance properties and the like, when compared to coating composition without fibres.

A method for manufacturing an organic light emitting device includes: forming an organic light emitting display panel including a substrate provided on a support substrate, an organic light emitting element on the substrate, and a thin film encapsulating film covering the organic light emitting element; detaching the support substrate from the organic light emitting display panel; attaching a bottom protecting film to a bottom of the organic light emitting display panel, the bottom protecting film comprising a first electricity removing layer configured to remove static electricity; and cutting the organic light emitting display panel into a plurality of organic light emitting devices.

A polymeric master batch for preparing an antimicrobal and antifungal and antiviral polymeric material comprising a slurry of thermoplastic resin, an antimicrobal and antifungal and antiviral agent consisting essentially of water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxide, a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of the ionic copper oxide.

An example device includes a nanovoided polymer element, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The nanovoided polymer element may be located at least in part between the first electrode and the second electrode. In some examples, the nanovoided polymer element may include anisotropic voids. In some examples, anisotropic voids may be elongated along one or more directions. In some examples, the anisotropic voids are configured so that a polymer wall thickness between neighboring voids is generally uniform. Example devices may include a spatially addressable electroactive device, such as an actuator or a sensor, and/or may include an optical element. A nanovoided polymer layer may include one or more polymer components, such as an electroactive polymer.

A form birefringent optical element includes a structured layer and a dielectric environment disposed over the structured layer. At least one of the structured layer and the dielectric environment includes a nanovoided polymer, the nanovoided polymer having a first refractive index in an unactuated state and a second refractive index different than the first refractive index in an actuated state. Actuation of the nanovoided polymer can be used to reversibly control the form birefringence of the optical element. Various other apparatuses, systems, materials, and methods are also disclosed.

An optical element includes a nanovoided polymer layer having a first refractive index in an unactuated state and a second refractive index different than the first refractive index in an actuated state. Compression or expansion of the nanovoided polymer layer, for instance, can be used to reversibly control the size and shape of the nanovoids within the polymer layer and hence tune its refractive index over a range of values, e.g., during operation of the optical element. Various other apparatuses, systems, materials, and methods are also disclosed.

Examples include a device including a nanovoided polymer element having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of electrodes disposed on the first surface, a second plurality of electrodes disposed on the second surface, and a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between one or more of the first plurality of electrodes and one or more of the second plurality of electrodes to induce a physical deformation of the nanovoided polymer element.

An example device includes a nanovoided polymer element, which may be located at least in part between the electrodes. In some examples, the nanovoided polymer element may include anisotropic voids, including a gas, and separated from each other by polymer walls. The device may be an electroactive device, such as an actuator having a response time for a transition between actuation states. The gas may have a characteristic diffusion time (e.g., to diffuse half the mean wall thickness through the polymer walls) that is less than the response time. The nanovoids may be sufficiently small (e.g., below 1 micron in diameter or an analogous dimension), and/or the polymer walls may be sufficiently thin, such that the gas interchange between gas in the voids and gas absorbed by the polymer walls may occur faster than the response time, and in some examples, effectively instantaneously.